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  • Chapter 12: Fundamentals of Electricity & Electronics › Parallel DC Circuits › Kirchhoff’s Current Law

    produced by current sources in parallel is equal to the algebraic sum of the individual sources. Kirchhoff’s Current Law Kirchhoff’s Current Law can be stated as: the sum of the currents into a junction or node is equal ... flowing out of node A into each of the branches according to the resistive value of each branch. Kirchhoff’s Current Law states that the current going in must equal that going out. Following the current through the three branches…

  • Chapter 12: Fundamentals of Electricity & Electronics › Series DC Circuits › Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law

    sources has been turned around, and the polarity opposes the other two sources. Again the addition is simple: Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law A law of basic importance to the analysis of an electrical circuit is Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law. This ... resistor is facing the negative on the source. Figure 12-86 illustrates the very basic idea of Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law. There are two resistors in this example. One has a drop of 14 volts and the other…

  • Chapter 12: Fundamentals of Electricity & Electronics › Free Electrons

    However, an energy level does not need to be completely filled before electrons begin to fill the next level. The Periodic Table of Elements should be checked to determine an element’s electron configuration. Figure 12-1. A water molecule ... Valence Electrons Valence is the number of chemical bonds an atom can form. Valence electrons are electrons that can participate in chemical bonds with other atoms. The number of electrons in the outermost shell of the atom is the determining…

  • Chapter 12: Fundamentals of Electricity & Electronics › Conventional Flow & Electron Flow › Electron Flow

    Conventional Flow & Electron Flow Today’s technician will find that there are two competing schools of thought and analytical practices regarding the flow of electricity. The two are called the conventional current theory and the electron theory. Conventional Flow ... conventional current theory was the first to be developed and, through many years of use, this method has become ingrained in electrical publications. The theory was initially advanced by Benjamin Franklin who reasoned that current flowed…

  • Chapter 12: Fundamentals of Electricity & Electronics › General Composition of Matter › Electron Shells & Energy Levels

    Electron Shells & Energy Levels Electrons require a certain amount of energy to stay in an orbit. This particular quantity is called the electron’s energy level. By its motion alone, the electron possesses kinetic energy, while the electron’s position ... orbit determines its potential energy. The total energy of an electron is the main factor that determines the radius of the electron’s orbit. Electrons of an atom appear only at certain definite energy levels (shells). The spacing between energy…