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  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Materials, Hardware, & Processes › Aircraft Metals › Aluminum & Aluminum Alloys

    metals that have elements other than iron as its base or principal constituent. This group includes metals, such as aluminum, titanium, copper, and magnesium, as well as alloyed metals, such as Monel and Babbitt. Aluminum & Aluminum Alloys Commercially pure aluminum ... which stands second in the scale of malleability, sixth in ductility, and ranks high in its resistance to corrosion. Aluminum combined with various percentages of other metals forms alloys, which are used in aircraft construction. Aluminum alloys with principal alloying…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Materials, Hardware, & Processes › Aircraft Metals › Aluminum Alloys

    temperature at which parts are case hardened and because no quenching is required after exposure to the ammonia gas. Heat-Treatment of Nonferrous Metals Aluminum Alloys In the wrought form, commercially-pure aluminum is known ... relatively low in strength and does not have the properties required for structural aircraft parts. The process of alloying generally obtains high strengths. The resulting alloys are less easily formed and, with some exceptions, have lower resistance to corrosion than…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Materials, Hardware, & Processes › Aircraft Metals › Aircraft Hardware

    Aircraft Hardware Aircraft hardware is the term used to describe the various types of fasteners and miscellaneous small items used in the manufacture and repair of aircraft. The importance of aircraft hardware is often overlooked because of its small size ... however, the safe and efficient operation of any aircraft is greatly dependent upon the correct selection and use of aircraft hardware. An aircraft, even though made of the best materials and strongest parts, would be of doubtful value unless those…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Materials, Hardware, & Processes › Aircraft Metals › Hot-Working

    With steels, the term “heat-treating” has a broad meaning and includes processes such as annealing, normalizing, hardening, and tempering. In the heat-treatment of aluminum alloys, only two processes are included: the hardening and toughening process and the softening ... process. The hardening and toughening process is called heat-treating, and the softening process is called annealing. Aircraft metals are subjected to both shock and fatigue (vibrational) stresses. Fatigue occurs in materials that are exposed to frequent reversals of loading…