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  • Chapter 10: Inspection Concepts & Techniques › Inspection of Bonded Structures

    Inspection of Bonded Structures Ultrasonic inspection is finding increasing application in aircraft bonded construction and repair. Many configurations and types of bonded structures are in use in aircraft. All of these variations complicate the application of ultrasonic inspections. An inspection ... applicable for different parts or areas of the same part. Some of the variables in the types of bonded structures are as follows: • Top skin material is made from different materials and thickness • Different types and thickness of adhesives…

  • Chapter 7: Advanced Composite Materials › Description of Composite Structures › Laminated Structures

    Chapter 7: Advanced Composite Materials Description of Composite Structures Introduction Composite materials are becoming more important in the construction of aerospace structures. Aircraft parts made from composite materials, such as fairings, spoilers, and flight controls, were developed during the 1960s ... generation large aircraft are designed with all composite fuselage and wing structures, and the repair of these advanced composite materials requires an in-depth knowledge of composite structures, materials, and tooling. The primary advantages of composite materials are their high…

  • Chapter 4: Aircraft Metal Structural Repair › Basic Principles of Sheet Metal Repair › Types of Damage & Defects

    fine sand. The eroded area is rough and may be lined in the direction in which the foreign material moved relative to the surface. • Chattering—breakdown or deterioration of metal surface by vibratory or chattering action. Although chattering may give ... welded to the harder metal. • Gouge—groove in, or breakdown of, a metal surface from contact with foreign material under heavy pressure. Usually it indicates metal loss but may be largely the displacement of material. • Inclusion—presence of foreign…