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  • 14 CFR Part 135, Appendix A to Part 135—Additional Airworthiness Standards for 10 or More Passenger Airplanes

    recommended procedures for the use of the ice protection equipment must be set forth in the Airplane Flight Manual. (b) An analysis must be performed to establish, on the basis of the airplane's operational needs, the adequacy ... functioning. (e) Methods of leveling, raising, and towing. (f) Methods of balancing control surfaces. (g) Identification of primary and secondary structures. (h) Frequency and extent of inspections necessary to the proper operation of the airplane…

  • Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Primary Flight Controls

    Flight Control Systems Flight Controls Aircraft flight control systems consist of primary and secondary systems. The ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder constitute the primary control system and are required to control an aircraft safely during flight. Wing flaps, leading ... edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems constitute the secondary control system and improve the performance characteristics of the airplane or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Primary Flight Controls Aircraft control systems are carefully designed to provide adequate responsiveness…

  • Chapter 1: Aircraft Structures › Flight Control Surfaces › Primary Flight Control Surfaces

    skin is attached with rivets. Figure 1-50 illustrates this type of structure, which can be found on the primary control surfaces of light aircraft as well as on medium and heavy aircraft. Figure 1-46. The fuselage terminates ... tail cone with similar but more lightweight construction. Figure 1-47. Components of a typical empennage. Figure 1-49. Flight control surfaces move the aircraft around the three axes of flight. Figure 1-48. Vertical stabilizer. Primary control surfaces constructed…