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  • Chapter 9: Aircraft Electrical System › Aircraft Electrical Systems › Small Single-Engine Aircraft

    would disconnect the alternator from the bus. Figure 9-82. Schematic GCU control of the exciter field magnetism. Aircraft Electrical Systems Virtually all aircraft contain some form of an electrical system. The most basic aircraft must produce electricity for operation ... engine’s ignition system. Modern aircraft have complex electrical systems that control almost every aspect of flight. In general, electrical systems can be divided into different categories according to the function of the system. Common systems include lighting, engine starting…

  • Chapter 4: Helicopter Components, Sections, and Systems › Electrical Systems

    Electrical Systems The electrical systems, in most helicopters, reflect the increased use of sophisticated avionics and other electrical accessories. [Figure 4-24] More and more operations in today’s flight environment are dependent on the aircraft’s electrical system; however ... helicopters can be safely flown without any electrical power in the event of an electrical malfunction or emergency. Helicopters have either a 14- or 28-volt, direct-current electrical system. On small, piston powered helicopters, electrical energy is supplied…

  • Chapter 9: Navigation Systems › Instrument Approach Systems › Instrument Landing Systems (ILS)

    Instrument Approach Systems Most navigation systems approved for en route and terminal operations under IFR, such as VOR, NDB, and GPS, may also be approved to conduct IAPs. The most common systems in use in the United States ... simplified directional facility (SDF), localizer-type directional aid (LDA), and microwave landing system (MLS). These systems operate independently of other navigation systems. There are new systems being developed, such as WAAS and LAAS. Other systems have been developed for special…