CA.I.I.K1i
KnowledgeThe characteristics of a water surface as affected by features, such as:
Direction and height of waves
From the FAA library
- SKIPPING › ROUGH WATER TAKEOFFS
knots and the wind is blowing the opposite direction at 15 knots, the relative velocity between the water and the wind is 25 knots, and the waves will be as high as those produced in still water by a wind ... importantly, the pilot’s ability. As a general rule, if the height of the waves from trough to crest is more than half the height of the floats from keel to deck, takeoffs should not be attempted except by expert…
- SEAPLANE, SKIPLANE, and FLOAT/SKI EQUIPPED HELICOPTER OPERATIONS HANDBOOK
heights, periods, and wavelengths. Sometimes the term refers to the condition of the surface resulting from both wind waves and swells. PLANING POSITION—The attitude of the seaplane when the entire weight of the aircraft is supported by hydrodynamic ... least amount of water drag. Also called the step position, or “on the step.” RATIO—The ratio between the height of a swell to the length between two successive crests (swell length). SEAPLANE — An airplane designed to operate from water…
- SEAPLANE, SKIPLANE, and FLOAT/SKI EQUIPPED HELICOPTER OPERATIONS HANDBOOK › SEAPLANE LANDING
systems of less height than the primary swell. SISTER KEELSONS—Structural members in the front portion of floats lying parallel to the keel and midway between the keel and chines, adding structural rigidity and adding to directional stability when ... from tipping back onto the rear portion of the float. by underwater disturbances such as volcanoes or earthquakes. The waves have a uniform and orderly appearance characterized by smooth, rounded, regularly spaced wave crests. SKIDS-ON-FLOATS—A type…
- DETERMINING SEA CONDITIONS
they begin to sort themselves by height and period, becoming regular and evenly spaced. These waves often continue for thousands of miles from where they were generated. Swell is the term describing waves that persist outside the fetch ... rotation of the Earth, but move in the direction in which the generating wind blows. When this wind ceases, water friction and spreading reduce the wave height, but the reduction takes place so slowly that a swell persists until…
- SEAPLANE, SKIPLANE, and FLOAT/SKI EQUIPPED HELICOPTER OPERATIONS HANDBOOK › HEIGHT-TO-LENGTH
incorrect planing attitude during takeoff. PORT—The left side or the direction to the left of a vessel. PRIMARY SWELL—The swell system having the greatest height from trough to crest. FLOATS-ON-SKIDS—A type of helicopter float design ... inertia and engine thrust. SEA STATE CONDITION NUMBER—A standard scale ranging from 0-9 that indicates the height of waves…