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  • Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Maneuvering by Reference to Ground Objects

    should consider engine failure and have one or more locations available for an emergency landing. Pilots should always clear the area with two 90° clearing turns looking to the left and the right, as well as above and below ... pilot should complete the required checklist items, make any radio announcements (such as on a practice area frequency), and safety clearing turns. As a general note, a ground reference maneuver should not exceed a bank angle…

  • Chapter 10: Performance Maneuvers › Steep Spiral

    proceed after the establishment of a wings-level glide. Common errors when performing steep spirals are: 1. Not clearing the area 2. Inadequate pitch control on entry or rollout 3. Not correcting the bank angle to compensate for wind…

  • Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Stalls › Cross-Control Stall

    pilot should establish a safe altitude for entry and recovery in the event of a spin, and clear the area of other traffic while slowly retarding the throttle. The next step is to lower the landing gear (if equipped with…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Clearing Procedures

    Clearing Procedures The following procedures and considerations are in place to assist pilots in collision avoidance under various situations: • Before takeoff—prior to taxiing onto a runway or landing area in preparation ... takeoff, pilots should scan the approach area for possible landing traffic, executing appropriate maneuvers to provide a clear view of the approach areas. • Climbs and descents—during climbs and descents in flight conditions that permit visual detection of other traffic…

  • Chapter 10: Performance Maneuvers › Steep Turns

    surface, which may seem confusing when first experienced. Before starting any practice maneuver, the pilot ensures that the area is clear of air traffic and other hazards. Further, distant references should be chosen to allow the pilot to assess when…

  • Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Stalls › Stall Training

    pitched to an excessively nose-high attitude immediately after takeoff, during a climbing turn, or when trying to clear an obstacle. Power-off turning stalls develop the pilot’s awareness of what could happen if the controls are improperly used ... maneuvers that involve significant changes in altitude or direction, the pilot should ensure that the area is clear of other air traffic at and below their altitude and that sufficient altitude is available for a recovery before executing the maneuver…