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  • Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Airspeed Indicator Markings

    marked on the face of the ASI, but are found on placards and in the AFM/ POH. These airspeeds include: Design maneuvering speed (VA)—the maximum speed at which the structural design’s limit load can be imposed (either ... which an aircraft can be safely flown with the landing gear extended. • Best angle-of-climb speed (VX)—the airspeed at which an aircraft gains the greatest amount of altitude in a given distance. It is used during a short…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Use of Flaps

    this chapter may help. When needed, additional flight instruction enhances safety. The manufacturer’s recommended procedures, including airplane configuration and airspeeds, and other information relevant to approaches and landings in a specific make and model airplane are contained…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Normal Approach and Landing › Final Approach

    descent angle remains constant in a steady state wind condition. The pilot controls these forces by adjusting the airspeed, attitude, power, and drag (flaps or forward slip). However, wind may affect the gliding distance over the ground [Figure ... appropriately. Figure 9-4. Effect of headwind on final approach. A well-executed final approach includes reaching the desired touchdown point at an airspeed that results in minimum floating just before touchdown. To accomplish this, both the descent angle…

  • Chapter 18: Emergency Procedures › Emergency Descents

    factors (G forces) on the airplane. Emergency descent training should be performed as recommended by the manufacturer, including the configuration and airspeeds. Except when prohibited by the manufacturer, the power should be reduced to idle, and the propeller control…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Faulty Approaches and Landings › Low Final Approach

    other hand, uncorrected errors may place the airplane and occupants in an undesirable state. Since pilot training normally includes exposure to landing deviations and their appropriate remedies, this section covers several common landing imperfections. Low Final Approach When the base ... realized the runway cannot be reached unless appropriate action is taken, power should be applied immediately to maintain the airspeed while the pitch attitude is raised to increase lift and stop the descent. When the proper approach path has been…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Power-Off Accuracy Approaches › 90° Power-Off Approach

    landing surface as in a normal traffic pattern. The before-landing checklist should be completed on the downwind leg, including extension of the landing gear if the airplane is equipped with retractable gear. Figure 9-25. Plan the base ... conditions. After a medium-banked turn onto the base leg is completed, the throttle is retarded slightly and the airspeed allowed to decrease to the normal base-leg speed. [Figure 9-26] On the base leg, the airspeed, wind drift…