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  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Air Traffic Control (ATC) Services › Radar Traffic Advisories

    traffic is referenced by azimuth from the aircraft in terms of the 12-hour clock. Also, distance in nautical miles, direction in which the target is moving, and type and altitude of the aircraft, if known, are given. An example ... would be: “Traffic 10 o’clock 5 miles east bound, Cessna 152, 3,000 feet.” The pilot should note that traffic position is based on the aircraft track and that wind correction can affect the clock position at which…

  • Chapter 8: Airport Traffic Patterns › Airport Traffic Patterns and Operations

    sometimes make a straight-in approach for landing. A pilot is not expected to have extensive knowledge of all traffic patterns at all airports, but if the pilot is familiar with the basic rectangular pattern, it is easy to make ... proper approaches and departures from most airports, regardless of whether or not they have control towers. However, if there is not a control tower, it is the pilot’s responsibility to determine the direction of the traffic pattern, to comply…

  • Chapter 8: Airport Traffic Patterns › Standard Airport Traffic Patterns

    pilot trying to overtake another aircraft might be tempted to make an overly steep turn to final. If rushing the turn to increase the distance from another aircraft, there is good reason to abandon the approach and go around ... probably the most important leg of the entire pattern, because of the sound judgment and precision needed to accurately control the airspeed and descent angle while approaching the intended touchdown point. The pilot on final approach focuses on making…

  • Chapter 3: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Effect and Use of Flight Controls

    With the pilot’s hand: ⦁ When pulling the elevator pitch control toward the pilot, which is an aft movement of the control wheel, yoke, control stick, or side stick controller (referred to as adding back pressure), the airplane’s nose ... airplane. Think of this movement from the pilot’s feet to the pilot’s head. ⦁ When pushing elevator pitch control toward the instrument panel, (referred to as increasing forward pressure), the airplane rotates the nose forward relative to the pilot…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Turbulent Air Approach and Landing

    with the runway. 7. Touching down while drifting. 8. Excessive airspeed on touchdown. 9. Failure to apply appropriate flight control inputs during rollout. 10. Failure to maintain direction control on rollout. 11. Excessive braking. 12. Loss of aircraft control. Turbulent ... Air Approach and Landing For landing in turbulent conditions, the pilot should use a power-on approach at an airspeed slightly above the normal approach speed. This provides for more positive control of the airplane when strong horizontal wind gusts…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › ATC Instructions—“Line Up and Wait” (LUAW)

    Possible reasons for ATC takeoff clearance delays may include other aircraft landing and/or departing, wake turbulence, or traffic crossing an intersecting runway. • If advised of a reason for the delay, or the reason is clearly visible, expect an imminent takeoff ... takeoff clearance is not received within 90 seconds after receiving the “line up and wait” instruction, contact ATC immediately. • When ATC issues “line up and wait” instructions and takeoff clearances from taxiway intersection, the taxiway designator is included. Example – “N123AG…