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  • Chapter 18: Emergency Procedures › Emergency Landings › Psychological Hazards

    Ditching—a forced or precautionary landing on water. A precautionary landing, generally, is less hazardous than a forced landing because the pilot has more time for terrain selection and the planning of the approach. In addition, the pilot ... errors in judgment or technique. The pilot should be aware that too many situations calling for a precautionary landing are allowed to develop into immediate forced landings, when the pilot uses wishful thinking instead of reason, especially when dealing with…

  • Chapter 18: Emergency Procedures › Flight Control Malfunction/Failure › Landing Gear Malfunction

    pilot can request that the runway surface be foamed. The pilot should consider burning off excess fuel. This reduces landing speed and fire potential. If the landing gear malfunction is limited to one main landing gear leg, the pilot should ... that side. The reduced weight makes it possible to delay the unsupported wing from contacting the surface during the landing roll until the last possible moment. Reduced impact speeds result in less damage. If only one landing gear leg fails…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Emergency Approaches and Landings (Simulated)

    Emergency Approaches and Landings (Simulated) During dual training flights, the instructor should give simulated emergency landings by retarding the throttle and calling “simulated emergency landing.” The objective of these simulated emergency landings is to develop a pilot’s accuracy, judgment ... planning, procedures, and confidence when little or no power is available. A simulated emergency landing may be given with the airplane in any configuration. If the simulated power failure occurs while above best glide speed, the pilot allows the airplane…

  • Chapter 9: Approaches and Landings › Final Approach › Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance

    airspeed are maintained by integrating pitch and power changes, an untrained or inexperienced pilot may try to reach a landing spot by applying back-elevator pressure without adding power. However, attempting to stretch the final approach by raising the pitch ... rate of descent or a low altitude stall. It is possible for either or both to occur. Wrong Surface Landing Avoidance A wrong surface landing occurs when an aircraft lands or tries to land on the wrong runway…

  • Glossary

    excessive amount of current flows, regardless of the position of the circuit breaker’s operating handle. Troubleshooting. A procedure used in aircraft maintenance in which the operation of a malfunctioning system is analyzed to find the reason for the malfunction ... airspeed) corrected for position error and nonstandard air temperature and pressure. Trunnion. Projections from the cylinder of a retractable landing gear strut about which the strut pivots retract. Truss-type structure. A type of structure made up of longitudinal beams…