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From the FAA library

  • Chapter 10: Performance Maneuvers › Steep Spiral

    useful during an emergency landing. A steep spiral is a gliding turn wherein the pilot maintains a constant radius around a surface-based reference point—similar to the turns around a point maneuver, but in this case the airplane…

  • Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Turns Around a Point

    maintain a constant radius turn—steeper bank angles for higher ground speeds, shallow bank angles for slower groundspeeds. ⦁ Improving competency in managing the quickly-changing bank angles. ⦁ Establishing and adjusting the wind correction angle in order to maintain the track ... when wind is present, the pilot adjusts the airplane’s bank and wind correction angle to maintain a constant radius turn around a point. In contrast to the ground reference maneuvers discussed previously, in which turns were approximately limited…

  • Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Drift and Ground Track Control › Constant Radius During Turning Flight

    given true airspeed, the radius of turn in the air varies proportionally with the bank angle. To maintain a constant radius over the ground, the bank angle used is proportional to groundspeed. For example, an airplane is in the downwind ... angle, the turn radius over the ground at that moment is approximately 890 feet. As the airplane turns, the groundspeed decreases and the bank angle needs to be reduced in order to maintain the same turn radius of 890 feet…

  • Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Elementary Eights

    ground reference points about which the airplane turns first in one direction and then the opposite direction—like a figure eight. Eights maneuvers are designed for the following purposes: ⦁ Further development of the pilot’s skill in maintaining a specific ... manipulate flight controls to adjust the bank angle during turns to correct for groundspeed changes in order to maintain constant-radius turns and proper ground track between ground references. Eights Along a Road An eight along a road…