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  • Chapter 17: Transition to Light Sport Airplanes (LSA) › Airframe and Systems › Construction

    Airframe and Systems Construction LSAs may be constructed using wood, tube and fabric, metal, composite, or any combination of materials. In general, the manufacturer selects materials and design to keep the airplane lightweight while maintaining the structural requirements. Composite LSAs ... modern looking with clean lines as molding of the various components allows designers great flexibility in shaping the airframe. Other LSAs are authentic-looking renditions of early aviation airplanes with fabric covering a framework of steel tubes. Of course, LSAs…

  • Chapter 17: Transition to Light Sport Airplanes (LSA) › Airframe and Systems › Engines

    cloth-like fabrics, such as bi-directional and uni-directional fiberglass cloths, and specialty cloths like carbon fiber. Airframe components, such as wing and fuselage halves, are made in molds that result in a sculpted, mirror-like finish. Generally, composite…

  • Chapter 17: Transition to Light Sport Airplanes (LSA) › Airframe and Systems › Instrumentation

    Instrumentation In addition to advanced airframe and engine technology, LSAs often have advanced flight and engine instrumentation. Installation of electronic flight instrumentation systems (EFIS) provides attitude, airspeed, altimeter, vertical speed, direction, moving map, navigation, terrain awareness, traffic, weather, engine data…

  • Chapter 4: Assessing Risk › Using a Risk Assessment Matrix

    occasional.” Risk Severity The following terms describe the severity of an outcome. • Catastrophic–Results in fatalities and/or total airframe loss. • Critical–Severe injury or major airframe or property damage. • Marginal–Minor injury or minor airframe or property damage. • Negligible–Less ... minor injury or damage. To illustrate, consider the example of penetrating a thunderstorm. A loss of control event exceeding airframe structural limits could result in either severe injuries or fatalities and airframe loss, creating either a “critical” or a “catastrophic…

  • Chapter 2: Ground Operations › Preflight Assessment of the Aircraft › Engine and Propeller

    loose, worn, missing, or damaged fasteners, rivets, and latches that secure the cowling around the engine and to the airframe. The pilot should be vigilant as fasteners and rivets can be numerous and surround the cowling requiring a visual inspection ... from above, the sides, and the bottom. Like other areas on the airframe, rivets should be closely inspected for looseness by looking for signs of a black oxide film around the rivet head. The pilot should pay attention to chipped…

  • Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Stalls › Spiral Dive

    rapidly on the yoke while simultaneously rolling to wings-level. This response can create aerodynamic loads capable of causing airframe structural damage and/or failure. The following discussion explains each of the five steps a pilot should use to recover from…