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  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Load Factors › Chandelles and Lazy Eights

    better overall performance in both chandelles and lazy eights. The recommended entry speed for these maneuvers is generally near the manufacturer’s design maneuvering speed, which allows maximum development of load factors without exceeding the load limits. Rough ... certificated aircraft are designed to withstand loads imposed by gusts of considerable intensity. Gust load factors increase with increasing airspeed, and the strength used for design purposes usually corresponds to the highest level flight speed. In extremely rough…

  • Chapter 6: Takeoffs and Departure Climbs › Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb

    flying speed. The pilot should reduce AOA to attain normal airspeed before attempting to fly out of the ground effect areas. Short-Field Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb When performing takeoffs and climbs from fields where the takeoff area ... operate the airplane at the maximum limit of its takeoff performance capabilities. To depart from such an area safely, the pilot needs to exercise positive and precise control of airplane attitude and airspeed, so that takeoff and climb performance result…

  • Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Stalls › Accelerated Stalls

    stall speeds and structural limits while maneuvering is available in the "Aerodynamics of Flight" chapter of the Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge (FAA-H-8083-25). There are two methods for performing an accelerated stall. The most common accelerated ... stall procedure starts from straight-and level flight at an airspeed at or below VA or VO. The pilot rolls the airplane into a coordinated, level-flight 45° turn and then smoothly, firmly, and progressively increase the AOA through back…

  • Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Stalls › Cross-Control Stall

    bank angles greater than 30 degrees and should not make a skidding turn if correcting for any overshoot. Before performing this stall, the pilot should establish a safe altitude for entry and recovery in the event of a spin ... equipped with retractable gear), close the throttle, and maintain altitude until the airspeed approaches the normal glide speed. To avoid the possibility of exceeding the airplane’s limitations, the pilot should not extend the flaps. While the gliding attitude…

  • Glossary › Numbers and Symbols

    seats, of nine or less, a maximum certificated takeoff weight of 12,500 pounds or less, and intended for limited acrobatic operation. V1. Critical engine failure speed or takeoff decision speed. It is the speed at which the pilot ... takeoff surface within the takeoff distance. V2. takeoff safety speed, or a referenced airspeed obtained after lift-off at which the required one engine-inoperative climb performance can be achieved…

  • Chapter 13: Transition to Multiengine Airplanes › Operation of Systems › Anti-Icing/Deicing Equipment

    Degradation of all flight characteristics and large performance losses can be expected with ice accumulations. Pilots should not rely upon the stall warning devices for adequate stall warning with ice accumulations. Ice accumulates unevenly on the airplane. It adds weight ... setting (flap extension increases the AOA of the horizontal stabilizer) and with an added margin of airspeed. Sudden and large configuration and airspeed changes should be avoided. Unless otherwise recommended in the AFM/POH, the autopilot should not be used…