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  • Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Maneuvering by Reference to Ground Objects

    should consider engine failure and have one or more locations available for an emergency landing. Pilots should always clear the area with two 90° clearing turns looking to the left and the right, as well as above and below ... pilot should complete the required checklist items, make any radio announcements (such as on a practice area frequency), and safety clearing turns. As a general note, a ground reference maneuver should not exceed a bank angle…

  • Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Elementary Eights

    following are the most common errors made while performing S-turns across a road: 1. Failure to adequately clear surrounding area for safety hazards, initially and throughout the maneuver. 2. Failure to establish a constant, level altitude prior to entering…

  • Chapter 10: Performance Maneuvers › Lazy Eight

    used for a given bank angle, altitude is lost. Common errors when performing lazy eights are: 1. Not clearing the area 2. Maneuver is not symmetrical across each 180° 3. Inadequate or improper selection…

  • Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Elementary Eights › Eights on Pylons

    only for coordination. Other common errors in the performance of eights on pylons are: 1. Failure to adequately clear the surrounding area for safety hazards, initially and throughout the maneuver. 2. Skidding or slipping in turns (whether trying to hold…

  • Chapter 5: Maintaining Aircraft Control: Upset Prevention and Recovery Training › Stalls › Cross-Control Stall

    pilot should establish a safe altitude for entry and recovery in the event of a spin, and clear the area of other traffic while slowly retarding the throttle. The next step is to lower the landing gear (if equipped with…

  • Chapter 10: Performance Maneuvers › Steep Turns

    surface, which may seem confusing when first experienced. Before starting any practice maneuver, the pilot ensures that the area is clear of air traffic and other hazards. Further, distant references should be chosen to allow the pilot to assess when…