CA.VII.A.S2

From the FAA library

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-2
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Drift and Ground Track Control

  Drift and Ground Track Control Wind direction and velocity variations create the need for flightpath corrections during a ground reference maneuver. In a similar way that water currents affect the progress of a boat or ship, wind directly influences ... path that the airplane travels in reference to the ground. Whenever the airplane is in flight, the movement of the air directly affects the actual ground track of the airplane. For example, an airplane is traveling at 90 knots…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-16
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Elementary Eights › Eights on Pylons

  pilot continues the descent below the pivotal altitude, the projected visual reference line with respect to the pylon will begin to move forward. The altitude at which the visual reference line ceases to move across the ground is the pivotal ... altitude. If the airplane descends below the pivotal altitude, the pilot should increase power to maintain airspeed while regaining altitude to the point at which the projected reference line moves neither backward nor forward but actually pivots on the pylon…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 8-6
  Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Altimeter Operation

  altimeter indicates an altitude above the actual field elevation. If the barometric pressure setting is reset to the current altimeter setting of 29.68 "Hg, then the field elevation is again indicated on the altimeter. This pressure change ... easily noticed in flight since aircraft fly at specific altitudes. The aircraft steadily decreases true altitude while the altimeter is held constant through pilot action as discussed in the previous section. Knowing the aircraft’s altitude is vitally important…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-10
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Elementary Eights

  Each of these maneuvers is a variation of a turn around a point. Each eight uses two ground reference points about which the airplane turns first in one direction and then the opposite direction—like a figure eight. Eights maneuvers ... following purposes: ⦁ Further development of the pilot’s skill in maintaining a specific relationship between the airplane and the ground references. ⦁ Improving the pilot’s ability to divide attention between the flightpath and ground-based references, manipulation of the flight…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 7-4
  Chapter 7: Ground Reference Maneuvers › Drift and Ground Track Control › Constant Radius During Turning Flight

  With some experience, pilots may notice how wind direction affects the time needed for various segments of ground-referenced turns. To demonstrate the effect that wind has on turns, the pilot should select a straight-line ground reference, such ... road or railroad track. [Figure 7-3] Choosing a straight-line ground reference that is parallel to the wind, the airplane would be flown into the wind and directly over the selected straight-line ground reference. Once a straight-line…

• 14 CFR Part 91 — General Operating and Flight RulesOpen
  14 CFR § 91.179 IFR cruising altitude or flight level.

  cruising altitude or flight level. Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, the following rules apply— (a) In controlled airspace. Each person operating an aircraft under IFR in level cruising flight in controlled airspace shall maintain the altitude or flight level assigned ... that aircraft by ATC. However, if the ATC clearance assigns “VFR conditions on-top,” that person shall maintain an altitude or flight level as prescribed by § 91.159. (b) In uncontrolled airspace. Except while in a holding pattern of 2 minutes…