CH.II.A.K4
KnowledgeEnvironmental factors, including weather, terrain, route selection, and obstructions.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 13: Aviation Weather Services › NEXRAD Limitations › Data Link Weather
Data Link Weather Pilots now have the capability of receiving continuously updated weather across the entire country at any altitude. No longer are pilots restricted by radio range or geographic isolations, such as mountains or valleys. In addition, pilots ... longer have to request specific information from weather briefing personnel directly. When the weather becomes questionable, radio congestion often increases, delaying the timely exchange of valuable inflight weather updates for a pilot’s specific route of flight. Flight Service Station…
- Chapter 13: Aviation Weather Services › Aviation Weather Reports › Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs)
Pilot Weather Reports (PIREPs) PIREPs provide valuable information regarding the conditions as they actually exist in the air, which cannot be gathered from any other source. Pilots can confirm the height of bases and tops of clouds, locations of wind ... below five miles, ATC facilities are required to solicit PIREPs from pilots in the area. When unexpected weather conditions are encountered, pilots are encouraged to make a report to a FSS or ATC. When a pilot weather report is filed…
- Chapter 13: Effective Aeronautical Decision-Making › Risk Management › Using the 3P Model to Form Good Safety Habits
further mitigate this risk the pilot has selected mental checkpoints along the approach path that will serve as go/no-go points should the pilot feel any assessed parameter is being exceeded. Wind direction and velocity are assessed as a medium risk ... crosswind with a steady 10-knot wind. The pilot also takes into consideration that, due to the terrain, the wind direction and velocity may change during the approach. The pilot’s experience and awareness of the complexity of mountain flow…
- Chapter 13: Aviation Weather Services › Electronic Flight Displays (EFD) /Multi-Function Display (MFD) Weather › What Can Pilots Do?
Lightning information is available to assist when NEXRAD is enabled. This presents a more comprehensive picture of the weather in the surrounding area. In addition to utilizing the soft keys to activate the NEXRAD display, the pilot also ... radar display. [Figure 13-18] What Can Pilots Do? Remember that the in-cockpit NEXRAD display depicts where the weather WAS, not where it IS. The age indicator does not show the age of the actual weather conditions, but rather…
- Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › VFR Flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions
more conservative than those required by regulations for VFR flight. In addition, a thorough preflight and understanding of weather conditions that may contribute to the risk of IMC developing along a planned route of flight is essential for safety. Pilots ... should recognize deteriorating weather conditions so the route of flight can be changed or a decision made to terminate the flight and safely land at a suitable area, well before IIMC occurs. If weather conditions deteriorate below the pilot…
- Chapter 4: Assessing Risk › Risk Assessment Analysis › Environment
FRAT excerpt for aircraft hazards and associated risks. Environment She identified three areas with environment-related risk. The weather hazards on the direct route to Santa Rosa include thunderstorms, icing, and low ceilings. There could be severe turbulence ... convective activity, which covers most of the route and poses at least an upset potential at some time, producing an “occasional” likelihood. An upset in severe turbulence could result in a LOC-I event and “catastrophic” fatal accident. The “occasional…