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  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Reconnaissance Procedures › High Reconnaissance

    landing area, approach and departure axes, and obstacles for both the approach and departure. The pilot should also give particular consideration to forced landing areas in case of an emergency. Altitude, airspeed, and flight pattern for a high reconnaissance ... governed by wind and terrain features. It is important to strike a balance between a reconnaissance conducted too high and one too low. It should not be flown so low that a pilot must divide attention between studying the area…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Confined Area Operations

    Generally, takeoffs and landings should be made into the wind to obtain maximum airspeed with minimum groundspeed. The pilot should begin with as nearly accurate an altimeter setting as possible to determine the altitude. There are several things to consider ... when operating in confined areas. One of the most important is maintaining a clearance between the rotors and obstacles forming the confined area. The tail rotor deserves special consideration because, in some helicopters, it is not always visible from…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Confined Area Operations › Approach

    able to take off over the preselected departure path when it is not visible while sitting in the confined area. Figure 10-8. If the wind velocity is 10 knots or greater, expect updrafts on the windward side and downdrafts ... these factors in mind, but be ready to alter plans if the wind speed or direction changes. Approach A high reconnaissance should be completed before initiating the confined area approach. Start the approach phase using the wind and speed…

  • Chapter 12: Weather Theory › Wind and Currents › Wind Patterns

    Wind Patterns In the Northern Hemisphere, the flow of air from areas of high to low pressure is deflected to the right and produces a clockwise circulation around an area of high pressure. This is known as anticyclonic circulation ... opposite is true of low-pressure areas; the air flows toward a low and is deflected to create a counterclockwise or cyclonic circulation. [Figure 12-10] High-pressure systems are generally areas of dry, descending air. Good weather is typically…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Confined Area Operations › Takeoff

    perhaps a reserve of power, is better than clearing a barrier by a wide margin but with a dangerously low rpm and no power reserve. Always make the landing to a specific point and not to some general area. This ... point should be located well forward, away from the approach end of the area. The more confined the area is, the more essential it is that the helicopter land precisely at a definite point. Keep this point in sight during…

  • Chapter 2: Airspace Classification, Operating Requirements, and Flight Restrictions › Restricted Areas

    Prohibited Areas Restricted Areas Warning areas Military operation areas (MOAs) Alert areas Controlled firing areas (CFAs) Prohibited Areas Prohibited areas contain airspace of defined dimensions within which the flight of aircraft is prohibited. Such areas are established for security ... other reasons associated with the national welfare. These areas are published in the Federal Register and are depicted on aeronautical charts. The area is charted as a “P” followed by a number (e.g., P-40). Examples of prohibited areas include…