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  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Low Rotor RPM and Rotor Stall

    Other causes of a power-on low rotor rpm condition include the pilot rolling the throttle the wrong way in helicopters not equipped with a governor or a governor failure in helicopters so equipped. As the rpm decreases, the amount ... upon itself rapidly leading to rotor stall. There are a number of ways the pilot can recognize the low rotor rpm situation. Visually, the pilot can not only see the rotor rpm indicator decrease but also the change in torque…

  • Chapter 6: Weight and Balance

    information that might be covered include physiological factors, general weather information, fuel conservation procedures, external load warnings, low rotor rpm considerations, and recommendations that if not adhered to, could lead to an emergency. Chapter Summary This chapter familiarized the reader…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Climb Performance

    Positive climb performance occurs when an aircraft gains PE by increasing altitude. Two basic factors, or a combination of the two factors, contribute to positive climb performance in most aircraft: 1. The aircraft climbs (gains PE) using excess power above ... that required to maintain level flight, or 2. The aircraft climbs by converting airspeed (KE) to altitude (PE). As an example of factor 1 above, an aircraft with an engine capable of producing 200 horsepower (at a given altitude…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Takeoff Performance

    Figure 11-19 illustrates the general effect of wind by the percent change in takeoff or landing distance as a function of the ratio of wind velocity to takeoff or landing speed. The effect of proper takeoff speed is especially ... important when runway lengths and takeoff distances are critical. The takeoff speeds specified in the AFM/POH are generally the minimum safe speeds at which the aircraft can become airborne. Any attempt to take off below the recommended speed means that…

  • Chapter 7: Helicopter Performance › Sample Hover Problem 3 › Climb Performance

    then move left to 5-foot skid height. Drop down to read 66 percent torque required to hover. Climb Performance Figure 7-6. Torque required for cruise or level flight. Most of the factors affecting hover and takeoff performance also ... affect climb performance. In addition, turbulent air, pilot techniques, and overall condition of the helicopter can cause climb performance to vary. A helicopter flown at the best rate-of-climb speed (VY) obtains the greatest gain in altitude over…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Rate of Climb (ROC)

    Rate of Climb (ROC) ROC is a comparison of altitude gained relative to the time needed to reach that altitude. ROC is simply the vertical component of the aircraft’s flight path velocity vector. For maximum ROC performance, a pilot ... flies the aircraft at VY so as to achieve a maximum gain in altitude over a given period of time. Maximum ROC expedites a climb to an assigned altitude. This gains the greatest vertical distance over a period of time…