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  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › ATC Instructions—“Line Up and Wait” (LUAW)

    Possible reasons for ATC takeoff clearance delays may include other aircraft landing and/or departing, wake turbulence, or traffic crossing an intersecting runway. • If advised of a reason for the delay, or the reason is clearly visible, expect an imminent ... immediately. • When ATC issues “line up and wait” instructions and takeoff clearances from taxiway intersection, the taxiway designator is included. Example – “N123AG Runway One-Eight, at Charlie Three, line up and wait.” Example – “N123AG Runway One-Eight, at Charlie Three…

  • Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making › Hazard and Risk › V = EnVironment

    pilot that the risks involved were unacceptable. This encompasses many elements not pilot or airplane related. It can include such factors as weather, air traffic control, navigational aids (NAVAIDS), terrain, takeoff and landing areas, and surrounding obstacles. Weather ... landing a small airplane just after a heavy jet had departed a parallel runway. The pilot assumed that wake turbulence would not be a problem since landings had been performed under similar circumstances. Due to a combination of prevailing…

  • Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards & Associated Risks › Leading Accident Causes

    below: 11806 1. Loss of Control In-flight (LOC-I)–Examples of loss of control scenarios include continued VFR into IMC, wake turbulence upsets, thunderstorm encounters, instrument failure, improper aircraft loading, loss of outside references during flight at night ... flight in mountainous terrain, or intentionally flying too low. 11808 3. System Component Failure Powerplant (SCF-PP)–This category includes a variety of hazards, some which the pilot or operator may not easily identify. If a pilot experiences difficulty with…

  • Glossary › Pilot’s Operating Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual

    intensity of the turbulence depends on the airplane’s weight, speed, and configuration. Also referred to as wake turbulence. Vortices from heavy aircraft may be extremely hazardous to small aircraft. Wing twist. A design feature incorporated into some ... world at a size and scale convenient for navigation (1:1,000,000) by moderate speed aircraft. Topographic information includes cities and towns, principal roads, railroads, distinctive landmarks, drainage, and relief. Aeronautical information includes visual and radio aids to navigation…

  • Chapter 10: Teaching Practical Risk Management during Flight Instruction › Notes on Instructional Risk Management in the Flight Deck › Managing Risk while Teaching Takeoffs

    airspeed throughout the maneuver. Insufficient spacing from preceding aircraft during takeoffs also creates various hazards. Some hazards include wake turbulence, insufficient in-trail spacing, and insufficient separation from an aircraft approaching to land. The instructor ensures that there…

  • Chapter 4: Approaches › Visual Approaches

    follow, ATC may still issue the visual approach clearance but the controller maintains responsibility for aircraft separation (including wake turbulence separation). Once pilots report the aircraft in sight, they assume the responsibilities for their own separation and wake turbulence…