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  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Hovering—Rearward Flight › Technique

    Common Errors 1. Exaggerated movement of the cyclic, resulting in overcontrolling and erratic movement over the surface. 2. Failure to use proper antitorque pedal control, resulting in excessive heading change. 3. Failure to maintain desired hovering height. 4. Failure ... maintain proper rpm. 5. Failure to make sure the area is clear prior to starting the maneuver. Hovering—Rearward Flight Rearward hovering flight may be necessary to move the helicopter to a specific area when the situation is such that…

  • Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Sideward Flight

    Sideward Flight In sideward flight, the tip-path plane is tilted in the direction that flight is desired. This tilts the total lift-thrust vector sideward. In this case, the vertical or lift component is still straight up and weight ... straight down, but the horizontal or thrust component now acts sideward with drag acting to the opposite side. [Figure 2-42] Sideward flight can be a very unstable condition due to the parasitic drag of the fuselage combined with…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Hovering—Sideward Flight › Technique

    Then, pick two points of in-line reference in the direction of sideward hovering flight to help maintain the proper ground track. These reference points should be kept in line throughout the maneuver. [Figure 9-8] Begin the maneuver from ... normal hovering height by applying cyclic toward the side in which the movement is desired. As the movement begins, return the cyclic toward the neutral position to maintain low groundspeed—no faster than a brisk walk. Throughout the maneuver, maintain…

  • Chapter 2: Personal Minimums › Personal Minimums › Step 5—Adjust for Specific Conditions

    Step 4—Assemble and Evaluate Combining all these numbers results in a baseline personal minimums table as shown in Figure 2-8. Figure 2-8. Sample baseline personal minimums. Step 5—Adjust for Specific Conditions Any flight a pilot makes ... considerably. Both individually and in combination, these factors can compress or expand the safety buffer provided by baseline personal minimums. Consequently, a pilot should develop a practical way to adjust baseline personal minimums to accommodate specific conditions or aircraft…

  • Chapter 2: Personal Minimums › Personal Minimums › Step 2—Assess Experience and Comfort Level

    filling in the right column. Some pilots fly different aircraft categories and classes and may develop different personal minimums based on the specific aircraft flown. For example, many pilots will have a different set of personal minimums when flying ... single-engine airplane versus a multiengine airplane. Depending on pilot experience, the minimums in a multiengine airplane could be higher than the single-engine airplane minimums. Pilots may use the information entered in Figure 2-2 to set personal minimums…

  • Chapter 1: Departure Procedures › Weather and the Departure Environment Takeoff Minimums

    Weather and the Departure Environment Takeoff Minimums While mechanical failure is potentially hazardous during any phase of flight, a failure during takeoff under instrument conditions is extremely critical. In the event of an emergency, a decision must be made ... departure airport or fly directly to a takeoff alternate. If the departure weather were below the landing minimums for the departure airport, the flight would be unable to return for landing, leaving few options and little time to reach…