CH.VIII.L.K3
KnowledgeNormal and abnormal instrument indications and operations.
From the FAA library
- Chapter 6, Section I: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying
ground gives a level flight attitude at normal cruising speed. Engine Shut Down When shutting down the engine, note any abnormal instrument indications. Chapter 6, Section I: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying Attitude instrument flying is defined as the control ... aircraft’s spatial position by using instruments rather than outside visual references. Today’s aircraft come equipped with analog and/or digital instruments. Analog instrument systems are mechanical and operate with numbers representing directly measurable quantities, such as a watch with…
- Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Instrument Check › Remote Indicating Compass
abnormal sounds. While taxiing, the instrument should indicate turns in the correct direction, and precession should be normal. At idle power settings, the gyroscopic instruments using the vacuum system might not be up to operating speeds and precession might occur…
- Chapter 6, Section I: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying › Fundamental Skills › Instrument Cross-Check
These are usually the instruments that should be held at a constant indication. The remaining instruments should help maintain the important instruments at the desired indications, which is also true in using the emergency panel. Cross-checking is mandatory ... instrument flying. In visual flight, a level attitude can be maintained by outside references. However, even then the altimeter must be checked to determine if altitude is being maintained. Due to human error, instrument error, and airplane performance differences…
- Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Instrument Flight › Instrument Cross-Check
However, with familiarity and practice, the instrument cross-check reveals definite trends during specific flight conditions. These trends help a pilot control the helicopter as it makes a transition from one flight condition to another. When full concentration is applied ... single instrument, a problem called fixation is encountered. This results from a natural human inclination to observe a specific instrument carefully and accurately, often to the exclusion of other instruments. Fixation on a single instrument usually results in poor control…
- Chapter 6, Section II: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying › Learning Methods › Control Instruments
Control Instruments The control instruments depict immediate attitude and power changes. The instrument for attitude display is the attitude indicator. Power changes are directly reflected on the manifold pressure gauge and the tachometer. [Figure 6-25] All three of these ... instruments can reflect small adjustments, allowing for precise control of aircraft attitude. Figure 6-25. Control instruments. In addition, the configuration of the power indicators installed in each aircraft may vary to include the following types of power indicators: tachometers…
- Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Turn Indicator › Power Control During Straight-and-Level Flight
approached, adjust power to the new cruising power setting and further adjust pitch attitude to maintain altitude. The instrument indications for straight-and-level flight at normal cruise and during the transition from normal cruise to slow cruise are illustrated ... Figures 8-9 and 8-10. After the airspeed stabilizes at slow cruise, the attitude indicator shows an approximate level pitch attitude. The altimeter is the primary pitch instrument during level flight, whether flying at a constant airspeed or during…