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  • Chapter 1. Air Navigation › Section 2. Performance-Based Navigation (PBN) and Area Navigation (RNAV) › 1-2-4. Recognizing, Mitigating, and Adapting to GPS Jamming and/or Spoofing

    path, autotuning will not select the nearby NAVAID). 8. Unanticipated position-dependent flight management system effects (e.g., erroneous insufficient fuel indication). 9. Failure or degradation of Air Traffic Management (ATM) infrastructure and its associated systems reliant on GPS, resulting ... operators to: 1. Be aware of potential risk locations. 2. Check for any relevant Notices to Airmen (NOTAMs). 3. Plan fuel contingencies. 4. Plan to use conventional NAVAIDs and appropriate arrival/approach procedures at the destination. 5. Follow the detailed guidance…

  • Chapter 16: Navigation › Distance D = GS X T › Fuel Consumption

    available for your intended flight, you must be able to accurately compute aircraft fuel consumption during preflight planning. Typically, fuel consumption in gasoline-fueled aircraft is measured in gallons per hour. Since turbine engines consume much more fuel than reciprocating ... label for specific range is NM per pound of fuel, or often NM per 1,000 pounds of fuel. Preflight planning should be supported by proper monitoring of past fuel consumption as well as use of specified fuel management…

  • Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making › The Decision-Making Process › The Plan

    Plan” can also be called the mission or the task. It contains the basic elements of cross-country planning, weather, route, fuel, publications currency, etc. The “Plan” should be reviewed and updated several times during the course of the flight…

  • Appendix D: Risk Management Exercises › Four Scenarios › Scenario 2: Turboprop-Powered, Personal Transportation

    pilot to the airport for an 11:00 AM takeoff, the pilot reviews the flight planning. The flight should take 3:45, and the fuel on board provides endurance of 4:45. The weather is good ... past, reroutes occurred, and the pilot was assigned a lower altitude where the PA-46 loses fuel efficiency. The plan includes an arrival at PSF at about 3:00 PM, so the pilot and passenger may attend a party with…

  • Chapter 5: Mitigating Risk › Case Study › Risk Mitigation Analysis

    Durango – La Plata County Airport, and can depart from there at gross weight, which includes 40 gallons of fuel. She plans to make one additional fuel stop. 12162 After a thorough analysis and weather briefing, she elects…

  • Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making › Hazard and Risk › A = Aircraft

    altitudes needed for the trip? • Does this aircraft have sufficient fuel capacity, with reserves, for trip legs planned? Does the fuel quantity delivered match the fuel quantity ordered? V = EnVironment Weather Weather is a major environmental consideration. Earlier ... particularly if the terrain is unfamiliar. • Consider the possibility that the weather may be different than forecast. Have alternative plans and be ready and willing to divert, should an unexpected change occur…