CP.I.I.K1

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-22
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Vision in Flight › Night Blind Spot

  Night Vision There are many good reasons to fly at night, but pilots must keep in mind that the risks of night flying are different than during the day and often times higher. [Figure 17-16] Pilots who are cautious ... educated on night-flying techniques can mitigate those risks and become very comfortable and proficient in the task. Night Blind Spot It is estimated that once fully adapted to darkness, the rods are 10,000 times more sensitive to light…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-24
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Vision in Flight › Night Vision Protection

  This precaution increases the rate of dark adaptation at night and improves night visual sensitivity. Oxygen Supply Unaided night vision depends on optimum function and sensitivity of the rods of the retina. Lack of oxygen to the rods (hypoxia) significantly ... reduces their sensitivity. Sharp clear vision (with the best being equal to 20–20 vision) requires significant oxygen especially at night. Without supplemental oxygen, an individual’s night vision declines measurably at pressure altitudes above 4,000 feet. As altitude…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-23
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Vision in Flight › Scanning Techniques

  Figure 17-18. Scanning techniques. Off-center viewing is another type of scan that pilots can use during night flying. It is a technique that requires an object be viewed by looking 10° above, below, or to either side ... object. [Figure 17-19] In this manner, the peripheral vision can maintain contact with an object. With off-center vision, the images of an object viewed longer than 2 to 3 seconds will disappear. This occurs because the rods reach…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-27
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Flicker Vertigo › Night Landing Illusions

  Night Landing Illusions Landing illusions occur in many forms. Above featureless terrain at night, there is a natural tendency to fly a lowerthan-normal approach. Elements that cause any type of visual obscurities, such as rain, haze, or a dark ... steep surrounding terrain, and a wide runway can produce the illusion of being too low with a tendency to fly a higher-than-normal approach. A set of regularly spaced lights along a road or highway can appear…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 17-25
  Chapter 17: Aeromedical Factors › Vision in Flight › Self-Imposed Stress

  Self-Imposed Stress Night flight can be more fatiguing and stressful than day flight, and many self- imposed stressors can limit night vision. Pilots can control this type of stress by knowing the factors that can cause self-imposed stressors ... following paragraphs. [Figure 17-20] Drugs Drugs can seriously degrade visual acuity during the day and especially at night. Pilots who become ill should consult an aviation medical examiner (AME) or flight surgeon as to which drugs are appropriate…

• 14 CFR Part 61 — Certification: Pilots, Flight Instructors, and Ground InstructorsOpen
  14 CFR § 61.57 Recent flight experience: Pilot in command.

  section do not apply to the examiner or the applicant during a practical test required by this part. (f) Night vision goggle operating experience. (1) A person may act as pilot in command in a night vision goggle operation with ... person performs and logs the following tasks as the sole manipulator of the controls on a flight during a night vision goggle operation— (i) Three takeoffs and three landings, with each takeoff and landing including a climbout, cruise, descent…