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  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Air Traffic Control (ATC) Services › Radar Traffic Advisories

    traffic is referenced by azimuth from the aircraft in terms of the 12-hour clock. Also, distance in nautical miles, direction in which the target is moving, and type and altitude of the aircraft, if known, are given. An example ... miles east bound, Cessna 152, 3,000 feet.” The pilot should note that traffic position is based on the aircraft track and that wind correction can affect the clock position at which a pilot locates traffic. This service…

  • 24 Observations › 24.5 Aircraft Observations and Reports › 24.5.1 Pilot Weather Reports (PIREP)

    Indicator A maintenance indicator ($) is coded when an automated system detects that maintenance is needed on the system. 24.5 Aircraft Observations and Reports There are three kinds of aircraft observations: Pilot Weather Reports (PIREP), Aircraft Reports (AIREP), and Volcanic Activity ... pilot (or aircrew), while AIREPs can either be reported by the pilot or generated from sensors onboard the aircraft (automated AIREPs). PIREPs and AIREPs are coded differently. The PIREP format is a U.S.-only format. The AIREP format is used…

  • Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents

    Chapter Summary Flight instruments enable an aircraft to be operated with maximum performance and enhanced safety, especially when flying long distances. Manufacturers provide the necessary flight instruments, but to use them effectively, pilots need to understand how they operate ... system and associated instruments, the gyroscopic instruments, and the magnetic compass. Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents Each aircraft comes with documentation and a set of manuals with which a pilot must be familiar in order to fly that…

  • Chapter 4: Assessing Risk › Risk Assessment Analysis › Aircraft

    serious (yellow) risk. [Figure 4-2] 16112 Figure 4-2. FRAT excerpt for pilot hazards and associated risks. Aircraft She identified three areas that pertain to aircraft-related risk. During a non-stop flight, the likelihood of fuel exhaustion increases ... catastrophic” consequences, which indicate a serious (yellow) risk on the risk assessment matrix. 12118 Tricia also noted that her aircraft is not approved for flight in known icing conditions and that a flight along the planned route might encounter icing…

  • Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making › Hazard and Risk › A = Aircraft

    Aircraft What limitations will the aircraft impose upon the trip? Ask the following questions: • Is this the right aircraft for the flight? • Am I familiar with and current in this aircraft? Aircraft performance figures and the AFM are based ... brand new aircraft flown by a professional test pilot. Keep that in mind while assessing personal and aircraft performance. • Is this aircraft equipped for the flight? Instruments? Lights? Navigation and communication equipment adequate? • Can this aircraft use the runways available…

  • Chapter 5: Mitigating Risk › Preflight Risk Mitigation Strategies › Mitigating Aircraft Risks

    hazards. Nevertheless, there are a few general strategies that are effective for each area on the PAVE checklist. Pilot, aircraft, and external pressure risks respond well to early, direct action. On the other hand, the scope of many environmental hazards ... strategy. Mitigating Pilot Risks Personal minimums that account for pilot experience and proficiency mitigate some risks. Pilots flying unfamiliar aircraft may need to raise their personal minimums for that aircraft. When training, pilots can take advantage of scenarios that include…