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  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Avoidance Procedures

    following procedures are in place to assist pilots in vortex avoidance in the given scenario. • Landing behind a larger aircraft on the same runway— stay at or above the larger aircraft’s approach flight path and land beyond its touchdown ... point. [Figure 14-47A] • Landing behind a larger aircraft on a parallel runway closer than 2,500 feet—consider the possibility of drift and stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final approach flight path and note…

  • 14 CFR § 91.1089 Qualifications: Check pilots (aircraft) and check pilots (simulator).

    Qualifications: Check pilots (aircraft) and check pilots (simulator). (a) For the purposes of this section and § 91.1093: (1) A check pilot (aircraft) is a person who is qualified to conduct flight checks in an aircraft, in a flight simulator ... flight training device for a particular type aircraft. (2) A check pilot (simulator) is a person who is qualified to conduct flight checks, but only in a flight simulator, in a flight training device, or both, for a particular type…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Takeoff Performance

    Tire pressure. Takeoff Performance The minimum takeoff distance is of primary interest in the operation of any aircraft because it defines the runway requirements. The minimum takeoff distance is obtained by taking off at some minimum safe speed that allows ... Generally, the lift-off speed is some fixed percentage of the stall speed or minimum control speed for the aircraft in the takeoff configuration. As such, the lift-off is accomplished at some particular value of lift coefficient…

  • 14 CFR § 91.1065 Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements.

    Initial and recurrent pilot testing requirements. situations, in case of inadvertent encounters, including low-altitude windshear (except that rotorcraft aircraft pilots are not required to be tested on escaping from low-altitude windshear); and (iii) Operating in or near thunderstorms ... clear air turbulence), icing, hail, and other potentially hazardous meteorological conditions; and (8) New equipment, procedures, or techniques, as appropriate. (b) No program manager or owner may use a pilot, nor may any person serve as a pilot…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

    retarding effect of factors such as snow or ice Landing Performance In many cases, the landing distance of an aircraft defines the runway requirements for flight operations. The minimum landing distance is obtained by landing at some minimum safe speed ... around. Generally, the landing speed is some fixed percentage of the stall speed or minimum control speed for the aircraft in the landing configuration. As such, the landing is accomplished at some particular value of lift coefficient…

  • Chapter 13: Aircraft Landing Gear Systems › Landing Gear Types

    Chapter 13: Aircraft Landing Gear Systems Landing Gear Types Aircraft landing gear supports the entire weight of an aircraft during landing and ground operations. They are attached to primary structural members of the aircraft. The type of gear depends ... aircraft design and its intended use. Most landing gear have wheels to facilitate operation to and from hard surfaces, such as airport runways. Other gear feature skids for this purpose, such as those found on helicopters, balloon gondolas…