CP.IX.B.S2

From the FAA library

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 6-2
  Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Primary Flight Controls

  Flight Control Systems Flight Controls Aircraft flight control systems consist of primary and secondary systems. The ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder constitute the primary control system and are required to control an aircraft safely during flight. Wing flaps, leading ... edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems constitute the secondary control system and improve the performance characteristics of the airplane or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Primary Flight Controls Aircraft control systems are carefully designed to provide adequate responsiveness…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 6-2
  Chapter 6: Flight Controls

  addition, in some large and fast aircraft, controls are boosted by hydraulically or electrically actuated systems. In both the fly-by-wire and boosted controls, the feel of the control reaction is fed back to the pilot by simulated means ... Current research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Flight Research Center involves Intelligent Flight Control Systems (IFCS). The goal of this project is to develop an adaptive neural network-based flight control system. Applied directly to flight…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 11-5
  Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Straight-and-Level Flight

  Straight-and-Level Flight All of the principal components of flight performance involve steady-state flight conditions and equilibrium of the aircraft. For the aircraft to remain in steady, level flight, equilibrium must be obtained by a lift equal ... aircraft weight and a powerplant thrust equal to the aircraft drag. Thus, the aircraft drag defines the thrust required to maintain steady, level flight. As presented in Chapter 4, Aerodynamics of Flight, all parts of an aircraft contribute…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 5-49
  Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Boundary Layer Separation › High Speed Flight Controls

  High Speed Flight Controls On high-speed aircraft, flight controls are divided into primary flight controls and secondary or auxiliary flight controls. The primary flight controls maneuver the aircraft about the pitch, roll, and yaw axes. They include the ailerons ... elevator, and rudder. Secondary or auxiliary flight controls include tabs, leading edge flaps, trailing edge flaps, spoilers, and slats. Spoilers are used on the upper surface of the wing to spoil or reduce lift. High speed aircraft, due to their…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 6-10
  Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Spoilers

  Spoilers Found on some fixed-wing aircraft, high drag devices called spoilers are deployed from the wings to spoil the smooth airflow, reducing lift and increasing drag. On gliders, spoilers are most often used to control rate of descent ... accurate landings. On other aircraft, spoilers are often used for roll control, an advantage of which is the elimination of adverse yaw. To turn right, for example, the spoiler on the right wing is raised, destroying some of the lift…

• 14 CFR Part 91 — General Operating and Flight RulesOpen
  14 CFR § 91.109 Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight tests.

  Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight tests. (c) No person may operate a civil aircraft in simulated instrument flight unless— (1) The other control seat is occupied by a safety pilot who possesses at least: (i) A private ... pilot certificate with category and class ratings appropriate to the aircraft being flown; or (ii) For purposes of providing training for a solo cross-country endorsement under § 61.93 of this chapter, a flight instructor certificate with an appropriate sport pilot…