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  • Chapter 2: Aeronautical Decision-Making › Decision-Making in a Dynamic Environment › Internal Resources

    system malfunction or in-flight emergency. Students reluctant to use checklists can be reminded that pilots at all levels of experience refer to checklists, and that the more advanced the aircraft is, the more crucial checklists become. In addition ... required to be carried on board the aircraft and is essential for accurate flight planning and resolving in-flight equipment malfunctions. However, the most valuable resource a pilot has is the ability to manage workload whether alone or with others…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Electrical System

    system. [Figure 7-34] Fuses or circuit breakers are used in the electrical system to protect the circuits and equipment from electrical overload. Spare fuses of the proper amperage limit should be carried in the aircraft to replace defective ... appropriate action to be taken. Not all aircraft are equipped with an ammeter. Some have a warning light that, when lighted, indicates a discharge in the system as a generator/alternator malfunction. Refer to the AFM/POH for appropriate action…

  • Chapter 16: Navigation › Ground-Based Navigation

    radio malfunction. There are three radio navigation systems available for use for VFR navigation. These are: • VHF Omnidirectional Range (VOR) • Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB) • Global Positioning System (GPS) Very High Frequency (VHF) Omnidirectional Range (VOR) The VOR system is present ... three slightly different navigation aids (NAVAIDs): VOR, VOR/distance measuring equipment (DME)(discussed in a later section), and VORTAC. By itself it is known as a VOR, and it provides magnetic bearing information to and from the station. When…

  • Chapter 7: Aircraft Systems › Carburetor Air Temperature Gauge › Fuel Injection Systems

    Injection Systems In a fuel injection system, the fuel is injected directly into the cylinders, or just ahead of the intake valve. The air intake for the fuel injection system is similar to that used in a carburetor system, with ... source is obstructed. The alternate air source is usually operated automatically, with a backup manual system that can be used if the automatic feature malfunctions. A fuel injection system usually incorporates six basic components: an engine-driven fuel pump…

  • Chapter 18: Emergency Procedures › System Malfunctions › Pitot-Static System

    reference to both the aircraft and the avionics that fully prepare them to interpret and properly respond to equipment malfunctions of electronic flight instrument displays. Rapidly changing equipment, complex systems, and the difficulty or inability to simulate failure modes ... functions can impose training limitations. Pilots still should be able to respond to equipment malfunctions in a timely manner without impairing other critical flight tasks should the need arise…

  • 14 CFR § 61.87 Solo requirements for student pilots.

    Descents with and without turns; (9) Flight at various airspeeds from cruise to slow flight; (10) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions; (11) Ground reference maneuvers; (12) Rigging, ballasting, and controlling pressure in the ballonets, and superheating; and (13) Landings with ... planning and preparation, and aircraft systems; (3) Ascents and descents; (4) Landing and recovery procedures; (5) Emergency procedures and equipment malfunctions…