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  • Glossary › Pilot’s Operating Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual

    airplane is capable of generating at a given speed. Also shows the safe load factor limits and the load factor that the aircraft can sustain at various speeds. Victor airways. Airways based on a centerline that extends from ... navigation aids or intersections); used to establish a known route for en route procedures between terminal areas. Visual approach slope indicator (VASI). A visual aid of lights arranged to provide descent guidance information during the approach to the runway…

  • Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Control › Weight and Balance Restrictions

    runway length, runway surface, runway slope, surface wind, and the presence of obstacles. These factors may require a reduction in or redistribution of weight prior to flight. Figure 10-4. Establishing a balance. Some aircraft are designed so that ... difficult to load them in a manner that places the CG out of limits. These are usually small aircraft with the seats, fuel, and baggage areas located near the CG limit. Pilots must be aware that while within CG limits…

  • Chapter 1: Introduction To Flying › Pilot Certifications

    depending on the type of certificates sought. [Figure 1-20] Each type of pilot’s certificate has privileges and limitations that are inherent within the certificate itself. However, other privileges and limitations may be applicable based on the aircraft type ... operation being conducted, and the type of certificate. For example, a certain certificate may have privileges and limitations under 14 CFR part 61 and part 91. Figure 1-20. Front side (top) and back side (bottom) of an airman certificate…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Air Traffic Control (ATC) Services › Radar Traffic Advisories

    traffic is referenced by azimuth from the aircraft in terms of the 12-hour clock. Also, distance in nautical miles, direction in which the target is moving, and type and altitude of the aircraft, if known, are given. An example ... miles east bound, Cessna 152, 3,000 feet.” The pilot should note that traffic position is based on the aircraft track and that wind correction can affect the clock position at which a pilot locates traffic. This service…

  • Chapter 10: Weight and Balance

    Chapter Summary Knowledge of an aircraft’s AFM/POH and documents, such as ADs, provide pilots with ready access to pertinent information needed to safely fly a particular aircraft. By understanding the operations, limitations, and performance characteristics of the aircraft ... pilot can make educated flight decisions. By learning what preventive maintenance is allowed on the aircraft, a pilot can maintain his or her aircraft in an airworthy condition. The goal of every pilot is a safe flight. Flight manuals…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aircraft Design Characteristics › Longitudinal Stability (Pitching)

    Negative dynamic stability—over time, the motion of the displaced object increases and becomes more divergent. Stability in an aircraft affects two areas significantly: • Maneuverability—the quality of an aircraft that permits it to be maneuvered easily and to withstand ... stresses imposed by maneuvers. It is governed by the aircraft’s weight, inertia, size and location of flight controls, structural strength, and powerplant. It too is an aircraft design characteristic. • Controllability—the capability of an aircraft to respond…