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  • Chapter 11. Unmanned Aircraft Systems (UAS) › Section 5. UAS Pilot Testing, Certification and Responsibilities › 11-5-3. Pilot Certification for 14 CFR part 135, Part 137, and Large Civil UAS

    holds a sUAS Certificate is afforded all of the privileges of the certificate. This includes the ability to operate at night and over people without a waiver, under certain conditions. See paragraph 11-8-3, Precautions: Flight Over or Near ... People, Vehicles, Manned Aircraft, and Night Flight, for further information on these operations. 2. Any remote pilot who holds a 14 CFR part 107 sUAS certificate issued prior to April 6, 2021, must take the updated recurrent training (the online…

  • Chapter 10. Helicopter Operations › Section 1. Helicopter IFR Operations › 10-1-1. Helicopter Flight Control Systems

    order to be certificated for IFR operation, a specific helicopter may require the use of one or more of these systems, in any combination. d. In many cases, helicopters are certificated for IFR operations with either one or two pilots ... Certain equipment is required to be installed and functional for two pilot operations, and typically, additional equipment is required for single pilot operation. These requirements are usually described in the limitations section of the Rotorcraft Flight Manual…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Climb Performance

    Positive climb performance occurs when an aircraft gains PE by increasing altitude. Two basic factors, or a combination of the two factors, contribute to positive climb performance in most aircraft: 1. The aircraft climbs (gains PE) using excess power above ... that required to maintain level flight, or 2. The aircraft climbs by converting airspeed (KE) to altitude (PE). As an example of factor 1 above, an aircraft with an engine capable of producing 200 horsepower (at a given altitude…

  • Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control › Section 3. Airport Operations › 4-3-25. Flight Inspection/‘Flight Check’ Aircraft in Terminal Areas

    exterior lights should be illuminated when taxiing on or across any runway. This increases the conspicuousness of the aircraft to controllers and other pilots approaching to land, taxiing, or crossing the runway. Pilots should comply with any equipment operating limitations ... consider the effects of landing and strobe lights on other aircraft in their vicinity. g. When entering the departure runway for takeoff or to “line up and wait,” all lights, except for landing lights, should be illuminated to make…

  • Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control › Section 1. Services Available to Pilots › 4-1-18. Terminal Radar Services for VFR Aircraft

    TRSAs are depicted on sectional aeronautical charts and listed in the Chart Supplement. 4. While operating within a TRSA, pilots are provided TRSA service and separation as prescribed in this paragraph. In the event of a radar outage, separation ... sequencing of VFR aircraft will be suspended as this service is dependent on radar. The pilot will be advised that the service is not available and issued wind, runway information, and the time or place to contact the tower. Traffic…

  • Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control › Section 4. ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation › 4-4-14. Visual Separation

    approach phase the other aircraft is in the landing phase of flight or executes a missed approach; and during departure or en route, when the other aircraft turns away or is on a diverging course. b. A pilot’s acceptance ... instructions to follow another aircraft or provide visual separation from it is an acknowledgment that the pilot will maneuver the aircraft as necessary to avoid the other aircraft or to maintain in-trail separation. In operations conducted behind heavy aircraft…