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  • Glossary › Pilot’s Operating Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual

    from wingtip to wingtip. Wingtip vortices. The rapidly rotating air that spills over an airplane’s wings during flight. The intensity of the turbulence depends on the airplane’s weight, speed, and configuration. Also referred to as wake turbulence. Vortices…

  • Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Airspeed Indicator Markings

    during the execution of a maneuver, it is noted that the airspeed needle is in the yellow arc and rapidly approaching the red line, the immediate reaction should be to reduce airspeed. As shown in Figure 8-8, ASIs ... Lower limit of white arc (VS0)—the stalling speed or the minimum steady flight speed in the landing configuration. In small aircraft, this is the power-off stall speed at the maximum landing weight in the landing configuration (gear…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Basic Propeller Principles

    because it can be efficient at only a given combination of airspeed and revolutions per minute (rpm). Pilots cannot change this combination in flight. When the aircraft is at rest on the ground with the engine operating, or moving slowly ... that produces relatively little thrust for the amount of power required to turn it. To understand the action of a propeller, consider first its motion, which is both rotational and forward. As shown by the vectors of propeller forces…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Lift

    Some aircraft have the ability to change the direction of the thrust rather than changing the AOA. This is accomplished either by pivoting the engines or by vectoring the exhaust gases. [Figure 5-4] Lift The pilot can control…

  • Chapter 3: Induction & Exhaust Systems › Thrust Vectoring

    vehicle’s longitudinal axis, allowing the exhaust nozzle to move or change position to direct the thrust in varied directions. Vertical takeoff aircraft use thrust vectoring as takeoff thrust and then change direction to propel the aircraft in horizontal flight ... Military aircraft use thrust vectoring for maneuvering in flight to change direction. Thrust vectoring is generally accomplished by relocating the direction of the exhaust nozzle to direct the thrust to move the aircraft in the desired path. At the rear…

  • Chapter 7, Section II: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Straight-and-Level Flight › Airspeed Changes in Straight-and-Level Flight

    following manner: Maintain rpm at 2,500, since a high power setting is used in full drag configuration. 2. Reduce manifold pressure to 10 "Hg. As the airspeed decreases, increase cross-check speed. 3. Make trim adjustments for an increased ... back-elevator pressures. If full flaps are lowered at 105 knots, cross-check, interpretation, and control must be very rapid. A simpler technique is to stabilize attitude with gear down before lowering the flaps. 5. Since 18 "Hg manifold pressure…