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  • Chapter 3: Identifying Hazards & Associated Risks › Why Hazards Result in Aviation Accidents

    engine power for undetermined reasons, and the pilot’s loss of control after performing an evasive maneuver to avoid trees during a forced landing at night. Factors related to the accident were a rough running engine and the pilots inability…

  • Glossary › Domestic Reduced Vertical Separation Minimum

    lowest altitude and visibility requirements for the approach. Missed approach. A maneuver conducted by a pilot when an instrument approach cannot be completed to a landing. Missed approach point (MAP). A point prescribed in each instrument approach at which ... visual reference has not been established. Mixed ice. A mixture of clear ice and rime ice. MLS. See microwave landing system. MM. Middle marker. MOA. See military operations area. MOCA. See minimum obstruction clearance altitude. Mode C. Altitude reporting transponder…

  • Chapter 10: Weight and Balance › Balance, Stability, and Center of Gravity › Control

    location aft of the allowable range may include extreme control difficulty, violent stall characteristics, and very light control forces which make it easy to overstress an aircraft inadvertently. A restricted forward CG limit is also specified to assure that sufficient ... deflection is required to obtain a high AOA for landing. The aft CG limit is the most rearward position at which the CG can be located for the most critical maneuver or operation. As the CG moves aft, a less…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Weight and Balance › Effect of Load Distribution

    rearward loading of any aircraft at which a “flat” spin develops. A flat spin is one in which centrifugal force, acting through a CG located well to the rear, pulls the tail of the aircraft out away from the axis ... aircraft loaded to the rear limit of its permissible CG range handles differently in turns and stall maneuvers and has different landing characteristics than when it is loaded near the forward limit. The forward CG limit is determined…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Confined Area Operations › Approach

    Fixing the departure azimuth or heading on the compass is a good…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Confined Area Operations

    Generally, takeoffs and landings should be made into the wind to obtain…