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  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Landing Performance

    distance • Wind—a large effect due to the wind or wind component along the runway • Runway slope and condition—the effect of an incline and retarding effect of factors such as snow or ice Landing Performance In many cases ... landing distance of an aircraft defines the runway requirements for flight operations. The minimum landing distance is obtained by landing at some minimum safe speed, that allows sufficient margin above stall and provides satisfactory control and capability…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Wind Direction Indicators

    Wind Direction Indicators It is important for a pilot to know the direction of the wind. At facilities with an operating control tower, this information is provided by ATC. Information may also be provided by FSS personnel either located ... receive and broadcast on this frequency. When none of these services is available, it is possible to determine wind direction and runway in use by visual wind indicators. A pilot should check these wind indicators even when information is provided…

  • Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents › Minimum Equipment Lists (MEL) and Operations With Inoperative Equipment

    equipment must be placarded INOPERATIVE. All small rotorcraft, non-turbine powered airplanes, gliders, or lighter-than-air aircraft operated under 14 CFR part 91 are eligible to use the maintenance deferral provisions of 14 CFR, part 91, section ... However, once an operator requests an MEL, and a Letter of Authorization (LOA) is issued by the FAA, then the use of the MEL becomes mandatory for that aircraft. All maintenance deferrals must be accomplished in accordance with the terms…

  • Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents

    Chapter Summary Flight instruments enable an aircraft to be operated with maximum performance and enhanced safety, especially when flying long distances. Manufacturers provide the necessary flight instruments, but to use them effectively, pilots need to understand how they operate ... pilot, it is important to become very familiar with the operational aspects of the pitot-static system and associated instruments, the vacuum system and associated instruments, the gyroscopic instruments, and the magnetic compass. Chapter 9: Flight Manuals and Other Documents…

  • Chapter 15: Airspace › Air Traffic Control and the National Airspace System › Operating Rules and Pilot/Equipment Requirements

    Figure 15-9 lists the operational and equipment requirements for these various classes of airspace. It is helpful to refer to this figure as the specific classes are discussed in greater detail. Class A Pilots operating an aircraft in Class ... airspace must conduct that operation under IFR and only under an ATC clearance received prior to entering the airspace. Unless otherwise authorized by ATC, each aircraft operating in Class A airspace must be equipped with a two-way radio capable…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Slope Operations › Technique

    frame 4). Normal operating rpm should be maintained until the full weight of the helicopter is on the landing gear. This ensures adequate rpm for immediate takeoff in case the helicopter starts sliding down the slope. Use antitorque pedals ... control as necessary to check that the helicopter is firmly on the ground. Common Errors 1. Failing to consider wind effects during the approach and landing. 2. Failing to maintain proper rpm throughout the entire maneuver. 3. Failure to maintain…