FH.II.B.S2

From the FAA library

• Aeronautical Information Manualp. 4-4-12
  Chapter 4. Air Traffic Control › Section 4. ATC Clearances and Aircraft Separation › 4-4-15. Use of Visual Clearing Procedures and Scanning Techniques

  threat increases directly as more time is spent looking outside the aircraft. One must use timesharing techniques to effectively scan the surrounding airspace while monitoring instruments as well. d. Since the eye can focus only on a narrow viewing area ... effective scanning is accomplished with a series of short, regularly spaced eye movements that bring successive areas of the sky into the central visual field. Each movement should not exceed ten degrees, and each area should be observed…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 12-9
  Chapter 12: Night Operations › Night Flight › Collision Avoidance at Night

  tends to focus on a single point or instrument, making him or her less aware of the other traffic around. Make a special effort to devote enough time to scan for traffic. As discussed previously in this chapter, effective scanning ... movements that bring successive areas of the sky into the central visual field. Contrary to the 30-degree scan used to view the ground in the case of scanning for other aircraft, each movement in this case should not exceed…

• Helicopter Flying Handbookp. 12-4
  Chapter 12: Night Operations › Night Vision › Night Scanning

  Night Vision Diet and general physical health have an impact on how well a person can see in the dark. Deficiencies in vitamins A and C have been shown to reduce night acuity. Other factors, such as carbon monoxide poisoning ... night vision as the eye requires more oxygen per unit weight than any other part of the body. Night Scanning Good night visual acuity is needed for collision avoidance. Night scanning, like day scanning, uses a series of short, regularly…

• Pilot's Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledgep. 14-30
  Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Scanning Techniques for Traffic Avoidance

  turns including chandelles, lazy eights, stalls, slow flight, climbs, straight and level, spins, and other combination maneuvers. Scanning Techniques for Traffic Avoidance • Pilots must be aware of the limitations inherent in the visual scanning process. These limitations may include: • Reduced ... scan frequency due to concentration on flight instruments or tablets and distraction with passengers. • Blind spots related to high-wing and low-wing aircraft in addition to windshield posts and sun visors. Prevailing weather conditions including reduced visibility…

• Airplane Flying Handbookp. 2-19
  Chapter 2: Ground Operations › Taxiing

  evaluate their taxi instructions. ⦁ The pilot should be vigilant of the entire area around the airplane to ensure that the airplane clears all obstructions. If, at any time, there is doubt about a safe clearance from an object, the pilot ... necessary to have the airplane towed or physically moved by a ground crew. ⦁ When taxiing, the pilot’s eyes should be looking outside the airplane scanning from side to side while looking both near and far to assess routing…

• Aviation Maintenance Technician Handbook - Generalp. 5-52
  Chapter 5: Physics for Aviation › Helicopter Axes of Flight

  airplanes, have a vertical, lateral, and longitudinal axis that passes through the helicopter’s center of gravity. Helicopters yaw around the vertical axis, pitch around the lateral axis, and rotate around the longitudinal axis. Figure 5-90 shows the three ... helicopter’s movement. All three axes will intersect at the helicopter’s center of gravity, and the helicopter pivots around this point. Notice in the figure that the vertical axis passes almost through the center of the main rotor, because…