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  • Chapter 4: Helicopter Components, Sections, and Systems › Main Rotor System › Fully Articulated Rotor System

    Fully articulated rotor blade with flapping hinge. Figure 4-9. Drag hinge. Older hinge designs relied on conventional metal bearings. By basic geometry, this precludes a coincident flapping and lead/ lag hinge and is cause for recurring maintenance. Newer rotor ... systems use elastomeric bearings, arrangements of rubber and steel that can permit motion in two axes. Besides solving some of the above-mentioned kinematic issues, these bearings are usually in compression, can be readily inspected, and eliminate the maintenance associated…

  • Chapter 4: Helicopter Components, Sections, and Systems › Main Rotor System › Tandem Rotor

    Besides solving some of the above-mentioned kinematic issues, these bearings are usually in compression, can be readily inspected, and eliminate the maintenance associated with metallic bearings. Elastomeric bearings are naturally fail-safe, and their wear is gradual and visible ... metal-to-metal contact of older bearings and the need for lubrication is eliminated in this design. Tandem Rotor Tandem rotor (sometimes referred to as dual rotor) helicopters have two large horizontal rotor assemblies; a twin rotor system, instead…

  • Chapter 16: Navigation › Using the VOR › Time and Distance Check From a Station Using a RMI

    Using a RMI To compute time and distance from a station, first turn the aircraft to place the RMI bearing pointer on the nearest 90° index. Note the time and maintain the heading. When the RMI bearing pointer has moved ... from station may also be calculated by using a short method based on the above formula, if a 10° bearing change is flown. If the elapsed time for the bearing change is noted Time-Distance Check Example in seconds…

  • Chapter 1. Air Navigation › Section 1. Navigation Aids › 1-1-2. Nondirectional Radio Beacon (NDB)

    medium frequency radio beacon transmits nondirectional signals whereby the pilot of an aircraft properly equipped can determine bearings and “home” on the station. These facilities normally operate in a frequency band of 190 to 535 kilohertz (kHz), according to ICAO ... included in the class designator (HW). d. Radio beacons are subject to disturbances that may result in erroneous bearing information. Such disturbances result from such factors as lightning, precipitation static, etc. At night, radio beacons are vulnerable to interference from…

  • Chapter 5. Air Traffic Procedures › Section 3. En Route Procedures › 5-3-4. Airways and Route Systems

    GNSS-equipped aircraft cleared via filed published waypoints recallable from the aircraft’s navigation database. (c) Magnetic Reference Bearing (MRB) is the published bearing between two waypoints on an RNAV/GPS/GNSS route. The MRB is calculated by applying magnetic variation ... waypoint to the calculated true course between two waypoints. The MRB enhances situational awareness by indicating a reference bearing (no-wind heading) that a pilot should see on the compass/HSI/RMI, etc., when turning prior to/over a waypoint en route…

  • Chapter 16: Navigation › Angle of Intercept › Automatic Direction Finder (ADF)

    relation to the nose of the aircraft. If the needle is deflected 30° to the left for a relative bearing of 330°, this means that the station is located 30° left. If the aircraft is turned left 30°, the needle ... moves to the right 30° and indicates a relative bearing of 0° meaning that the aircraft is pointing toward the station. If the pilot continues flight toward the station keeping the needle on 0°, the procedure is called homing…