FH.III.C.K3l
KnowledgeMeteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination under visual flight rules (VFR) in Visual Meteorological Conditions (VMC), including expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
Obstructions to visibility (e.g., smoke, haze, volcanic ash, etc.)
From the FAA library
- 3 Overview of Aviation Weather Information › 3.4.2 Summaries of Specific Weather Information Contained in Various Weather Products › 3.4.2.10 Products with Volcanic Ash Information
Products with Volcanic Ash Information Table 3-13. Weather Element: Volcanic Ash Type: text (T), graphic (G), image (I), voice (V) Reported in manual and select augmented METAR/SPECIs as “VA.” Included in ATIS as appropriate. Reported by pilot and noted ... Special AIREP. First part of VAR reported immediately to ATC, second part of VAR submitted postflight. Radar I Potentially visible on radar. Satellite I May be visible on satellite if not obscured by cloud cover. Weather Camera I Volcanic ash…
- 3 Overview of Aviation Weather Information › 3.4.2 Summaries of Specific Weather Information Contained in Various Weather Products › 3.4.2.4 Products with Visibility Information
Flight Service Interactive Map G Interactive website that includes overlay of AIRMET for non-convective LLWS. 3.4.2.4 Products with Visibility Information Table 3-7. Weather Element: Visibility Type: text (T), graphic (G), image (I), voice (V) Visibility is reported ... body section of the METAR/SPECI. The visibility is reported in statute miles. PIREP/AIREP T, G, V Distance for visibility is reported by the pilot in statute miles. Weather Camera I A rough estimate could be inferred when known distance features…
- Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 6. Potential Flight Hazards › 7-6-10. Flight Operations in Volcanic Ash
less likely to lose power but severe damage is almost certain to ensue after an encounter with a volcanic ash cloud which is only a few hours old. b. Most important is to avoid any encounter with volcanic ash ... ash plume may not be visible, especially in instrument conditions or at night; and even if visible, it is difficult to distinguish visually between an ash cloud and an ordinary weather cloud. Volcanic ash clouds are not displayed on airborne…
- 26 Advisories › 26.5 Volcanic Ash Advisory (VAA) › 26.5.1 Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC)
Wind gusts to 55 kt. Hail to one inch reported at Farmington. Severe thunderstorms continuing beyond 2340 UTC. 26.5 Volcanic Ash Advisory (VAA) The VAA is advisory information on volcanic ash cloud issued in abbreviated plain language, using approved ICAO ... contains the same information as in the VAA but in a four-panel chart format. 26.5.1 Volcanic Ash Advisory Center (VAAC) A VAAC is a meteorological office designated by an ICAO regional air navigation agreement to provide advisory volcanic ash…
- Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Instrument Weather Flying › Volcanic Ash
abrasive nature of the volcanic ash can pit the windscreens, thus reducing or eliminating forward visibility. The pitot-static system may become clogged, causing instrument failure. Severe engine damage is probable in both piston and jet-powered aircraft. Every effort ... must be made to avoid volcanic ash. Since volcanic ash clouds are carried by the wind, pilots should plan their flights to remain upwind of the ash-producing volcano. Visual detection and airborne radar are not considered a reliable means…