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  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Technique

    Since the helicopter continues to turn as long as there is any bank, start the rollout before reaching the desired heading. The discussion on level turns is equally applicable to making turns while climbing or descending. The only difference ... climbing or descending attitude rather than that of level flight. If a so-called simultaneous entry (entering a turn while, at the same time, climbing or descending) is desired, merely combine the techniques of both maneuvers—climb…

  • Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Gyroscopic Flight Instruments › Turn Coordinator

    Turn Coordinator The gimbal in the turn coordinator is canted; therefore, its gyro can sense both rate of roll and rate of turn. Since turn coordinators are more prevalent in training aircraft, this discussion concentrates on that instrument. When rolling ... into or out of a turn, the miniature aircraft banks in the direction the aircraft is rolled. A rapid roll rate causes the miniature aircraft to bank more steeply than a slow roll rate. The turn coordinator can be used…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Aerodynamic Forces in Flight Maneuvers › Forces in Turns

    basic truth about turns is that when the aircraft banks, lift acts inward toward the center of the turn, perpendicular to the lateral axis as well as upward. Newton’s First Law of Motion, the Law of Inertia, states that ... object at rest or moving in a straight line remains at rest or continues to move in a straight line until acted on by some other force. An aircraft, like any moving object, requires a sideward force to make…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Normal Climb › Technique

    Normal Climb The entry into a climb from a hover has already been described in the Normal Takeoff from a Hover subsection; therefore, this discussion is limited to a climb entry from cruising flight. Technique To enter ... climb in a helicopter while maintaining airspeed, the first actions are increasing the collective and throttle, and adjusting the pedals as necessary to maintain a centered ball in the slip/skid indicator. Moving the collective up requires a slight…

  • Chapter 7: Helicopter Performance › Sample Hover Problem 3 › Climb Performance

    then move left to 5-foot skid height. Drop down to read 66 percent torque required to hover. Climb Performance Figure 7-6. Torque required for cruise or level flight. Most of the factors affecting hover and takeoff performance ... also affect climb performance. In addition, turbulent air, pilot techniques, and overall condition of the helicopter can cause climb performance to vary. A helicopter flown at the best rate-of-climb speed (VY) obtains the greatest gain…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Climb Performance

    Positive climb performance occurs when an aircraft gains PE by increasing altitude. Two basic factors, or a combination of the two factors, contribute to positive climb performance in most aircraft: 1. The aircraft climbs (gains PE) using ... excess power above that required to maintain level flight, or 2. The aircraft climbs by converting airspeed (KE) to altitude (PE). As an example of factor 1 above, an aircraft with an engine capable of producing 200 horsepower…