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  • Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Primary Flight Controls

    Flight Control Systems Flight Controls Aircraft flight control systems consist of primary and secondary systems. The ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder constitute the primary control system and are required to control an aircraft safely during flight. Wing flaps, leading ... edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems constitute the secondary control system and improve the performance characteristics of the airplane or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Primary Flight Controls Aircraft control systems are carefully designed to provide adequate responsiveness…

  • Chapter 1: Introduction to the Helicopter › Controlling Flight › Throttle

    Throttle Helicopter rotors are designed to operate at a specific rpm. Figure 1-11. The throttle control mounted at the end of the collective control. The throttle controls the power produced by the engine, which is connected to the rotor ... maintain enough engine power to keep the rotor rpm within allowable limits to produce enough lift for flight. In single-engine helicopters, if so equipped, the throttle control is typically a twist grip mounted on the collective control…

  • Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Positive Exchange of Flight Controls › Procedure

    Procedure During flight training, there should always be a clear understanding between learners and flight instructors about who has control of the aircraft. The preflight briefing should include procedures for the exchange of flight controls. A positive three-step process ... exchange of flight controls between pilots is a proven procedure and one that is strongly recommended. When an instructor is teaching a maneuver to a learner, the instructor normally demonstrates the maneuver first, then has the learner follow along…

  • Chapter 6: Flight Controls

    addition, in some large and fast aircraft, controls are boosted by hydraulically or electrically actuated systems. In both the fly-by-wire and boosted controls, the feel of the control reaction is fed back to the pilot by simulated means ... Current research at the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Dryden Flight Research Center involves Intelligent Flight Control Systems (IFCS). The goal of this project is to develop an adaptive neural network-based flight control system. Applied directly to flight…

  • Chapter 3: Helicopter Flight Controls

    Chapter Summary This chapter introduced the basics of aerodynamic fundamentals and theory and how they relate to flying a helicopter. This chapter also explained how aerodynamics affect helicopter flight and how important it is for pilots to understand aerodynamic principles ... prepared to react to these effects. For additional information on aerodynamics, refer to the aerodynamics of flight portion of the Pilot’s Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. Figure 2-48. Force vectors in vertical autorotation descent. Figure 2-49. Blade regions…

  • Chapter 1: Introduction to Flight Training › Safety Considerations › Use of Checklists

    Descent ⦁ Before landing ⦁ After landing ⦁ Engine shutdown and securing Figure 1-17. A sample checklist used by pilots. During flight training, there should be a clear understanding between the learner and flight instructor of who has control of the aircraft ... Prior to any flight, a briefing should be conducted that includes the procedures for the exchange of flight controls. The following three-step process for the exchange of flight controls is highly recommended. When a flight instructor wishes the learner…