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  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Reconnaissance Procedures › Ground Reconnaissance

    landing gear. Some things to consider while formulating a takeoff plan are the aircraft load, height of obstacles, the shape of the area, direction of the wind, and surface conditions. Surface conditions can consist of dust, sand and snow ... well as mud and rocks. Dust landings and snow landings can lead to a brownout or whiteout condition, which is the loss of the horizon reference. Disorientation may occur, leading to ground contact, often with fatal results. Taking…

  • Chapter 10: Teaching Practical Risk Management during Flight Instruction › Notes on Instructional Risk Management in the Flight Deck › Managing Risk while Teaching Landings

    control or aircraft in the pattern. To avoid this, the instructor should only use concise prompting on approach to landings with the learner. Certain landings present unique risks. The instructor teaches the appropriate pre-landing reconnaissance for unfamiliar landing areas ... uncontrolled fields. During landings in strong winds, the instructor should have the skill sufficient to deal with the wind conditions. During a short-field or confined area landing, certain aircraft may fly at a slower approach speed. The instructor should…

  • Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 1. Meteorology › 7-1-24. Microbursts

    controller will say when issuing the alert. PHRASEOLOGYRUNWAY 27 ARRIVAL, MICROBURST ALERT, 35 KT LOSS 2 MILE FINAL, THRESHOLD WIND 250 AT 20. In plain language, the controller is telling the pilot that on approach to runway 27, there ... will first encounter the phenomena). With that information, the aircrew is forewarned, and should be prepared to apply wind shear/microburst escape procedures should they decide to continue the approach. Additionally, the surface winds at the airport for landing runway…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › System Malfunctions › Landing—Stuck Left Pedal

    ensures that the nose remains to the right. Upon reaching the intended touchdown area and at the appropriate landing gear height, increase the collective smoothly to align the nose with the landing direction and cushion the landing. A small amount ... forward cyclic is helpful to stop the nose from continuing to the right and directs the aircraft forward and down to the surface. In certain wind conditions, the nose of the helicopter may remain to the left with zero…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing

    Shallow Approach and Running/Roll-On Landing Use a shallow approach and running landing when a high-density altitude, a high gross weight condition, or some combination thereof, is such that a normal or steep approach cannot be made because of insufficient ... power to hover. [Figure 10-5] To compensate for this lack of power, a shallow approach and running landing makes use of translational lift until surface contact is made. If flying a wheeled helicopter, a roll-on landing…

  • Chapter 1: Aircraft Structures › Flight Control Surfaces › Primary Flight Control Surfaces

    attached with rivets. Figure 1-50 illustrates this type of structure, which can be found on the primary control surfaces of light aircraft as well as on medium and heavy aircraft. Figure 1-46. The fuselage terminates at the tail ... with similar but more lightweight construction. Figure 1-47. Components of a typical empennage. Figure 1-49. Flight control surfaces move the aircraft around the three axes of flight. Figure 1-48. Vertical stabilizer. Primary control surfaces constructed from composite…