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  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Go-Around

    Around A go-around is a procedure for remaining airborne after an intended landing is discontinued. A go-around may be necessary when: • Instructed by the control tower. • Traffic conflict occurs. • The helicopter is in a position from which ... time an approach is uncomfortable, incorrect, or potentially dangerous, abandon the approach. The decision to make a go-around should be positive and initiated before a critical situation develops. When the decision is made, carry it out without hesitation…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Ground Effect

    Ground Effect Ever since the beginning of manned flight, pilots realized that just before touchdown it would suddenly feel like the aircraft did not want to go lower, and it would just want to go on and on. This ... between the wing and the landing surface, as if there were an air cushion. This phenomenon is called ground effect. When an aircraft in flight comes within several feet of the surface, ground or water, a change occurs…

  • Chapter 4: Effective Communication › Barriers to Effective Communication › Overuse of Abstractions

    might not result in the desired action. It would be better to tell the learner to conduct a go-around since this is an action that has the same meaning. When maintenance learners are being taught to torque the bolts ... better defines and gains control of images produced in the minds of the learners. External Factors Some barriers to effective communication can be controlled by the instructor. Others are external factors outside of the instructor’s control that prevent…

  • Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Translational Thrust › Transverse Flow Effect

    Transverse Flow Effect As the helicopter accelerates in forward flight, induced flow drops to near zero at the forward disk area and increases at the aft disk area. These differences in lift between the fore and aft portions ... rotor disk are called transverse flow effect. [Figure 2-41] This increases the AOA at the front disk area causing the rotor blade to flap up and reduces AOA at the aft disk area causing the rotor blade to flap…

  • Chapter 12: Night Operations › Helicopter Night VFR Operations

    Helicopter Night VFR Operations While ceiling and visibility significantly affect safety in night VFR operations, lighting conditions also have a profound effect on safety. Even in conditions in which visibility and ceiling are determined to be visual meteorological conditions ... night may be compromised. The ability to discern these objects and terrain is referred to as the “seeing condition,” and is related to the amount of natural and man-made lighting available, and the contrast, reflectivity, and texture of surface…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Dynamic Rollover › Critical Conditions

    Critical Conditions Certain conditions reduce the critical rollover angle, thus increasing the possibility for dynamic rollover and reducing the chance for recovery. The rate of rolling motion is also a consideration because, as the roll rate increases, there ... reduction of the critical rollover angle at which recovery is still possible. Other critical conditions include operating at high gross weights with thrust (lift) approximately equal to the weight. Refer to Figure 11-5. The following conditions are most critical…