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  • Chapter 8: Aviation Instructor Responsibilities and Professionalism › Flight Instructor Responsibilities › Ensuring Learner Skill Set

    item included in the applicable ACS/ PTS. The ACS integrates risk management and safety throughout and with supplementary appendix information. PTS lists special emphasis items. Some common items include: 1. Positive aircraft control 2. Procedures for positive ... exchange of flight controls 3. Stall and spin awareness 4. Collision avoidance 5. Wake turbulence and low-level wind turbulence and wind shear avoidance 6. Runway incursion avoidance 7. Controlled flight into terrain (CFIT) 8. Aeronautical decision-making (ADM)/risk…

  • Appendix C: Certificates, Ratings, and Endorsements › Flight Instructor Endorsements › Sport Pilot

    basic requirements. Forms 8710-1, 8610-2, and 8710-11 are versions of the Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application. The instructor should ensure the applicant is prepared for the test and has met all the regulatory requirements, including knowledge, proficiency ... required endorsements, and experience requirements before the application process. The applicant then either completes the 8710 or 8610 paper form by hand or uses the Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application (IACRA) electronic application system available at iacra.faa.gov/IACRA/Default.aspx. Whenever…

  • Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Assessment of Piloting Ability › Practical Test Recommendations

    Practical Test Recommendations Provision is made on the airman certificate or rating application form for the written recommendation of the flight instructor who has prepared the applicant for the practical test involved. Signing this recommendation imposes a serious responsibility ... flight instructor. A flight instructor who makes a practical test recommendation for an applicant seeking a certificate or rating should require the applicant to thoroughly demonstrate the knowledge and skill level required for that certificate or rating. This demonstration should…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Wingtip Vortices › Avoiding Wake Turbulence

    Avoiding Wake Turbulence Wingtip vortices are greatest when the generating aircraft is “heavy, clean, and slow.” This condition is most commonly encountered during approaches or departures because an aircraft’s AOA is at the highest to produce the lift necessary ... land or take off. To minimize the chances of flying through an aircraft’s wake turbulence: • Avoid flying through another aircraft’s flight path. • Rotate prior to the point at which the preceding aircraft rotated when taking off behind another…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › En Route › Vortex Avoidance Procedures

    Vortex Avoidance Procedures The following procedures are in place to assist pilots in vortex avoidance in the given scenario. • Landing behind a larger aircraft on the same runway— stay at or above the larger aircraft’s approach flight path ... land beyond its touchdown point. [Figure 14-47A] • Landing behind a larger aircraft on a parallel runway closer than 2,500 feet—consider the possibility of drift and stay at or above the larger aircraft’s final approach flight…

  • Appendix C: Certificates, Ratings, and Endorsements › Flight Instructor Endorsements › Knowledge Tests

    example, 14 CFR part 61, subpart F, section 61.123(c) requires an endorsement from an authorized instructor for an applicant for a commercial pilot certificate. Note that when giving an endorsement, there is no rule that prevents an instructor from ... adding a requirement. The flight instructor may need to customize the endorsement due to an applicant’s special circumstances or changes in regulatory requirements, but it is recommended all endorsements be worded as closely as possible to those…