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  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Common Errors › Autorotation with Turns

    Autorotation with Turns Turns (or a series of turns) can be made during autorotation to facilitate landing into the wind or avoiding obstacles. Turns during autorotation should be made early so that the remainder of the autorotation is flown identically ... straight-in autorotation. The most common turns in an autorotation are 90 degrees and 180 degrees. The following technique describes an autorotation with a 180-degree turn. The pilot establishes the aircraft on a downwind heading at the recommended airspeed…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation

    Therefore, autorotative descents at very low or very high airspeeds are more critical than those performed at the minimum rate of descent airspeed. Refer to the height/velocity diagram discussion in Chapter 7, Helicopter Performance. Each type of helicopter ... specific airspeed and rotor rpm at which a power-off glide is most efficient. The specific airspeed is somewhat different for each type of helicopter, but certain factors affect all configurations in the same manner. In general, rotor rpm maintained…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Performance › Straight-and-Level Flight

    Level Flight All of the principal components of flight performance involve steady-state flight conditions and equilibrium of the aircraft. For the aircraft to remain in steady, level flight, equilibrium must be obtained by a lift equal to the aircraft ... weight and a powerplant thrust equal to the aircraft drag. Thus, the aircraft drag defines the thrust required to maintain steady, level flight. As presented in Chapter 4, Aerodynamics of Flight, all parts of an aircraft contribute to the drag…

  • Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Trim Tabs

    forces the trailing edge of the elevator up, reducing the elevator’s AOA. This causes the tail of the aircraft to move down and the nose to move up. In spite of the opposing directional movement of the trim ... elevator, control of trim is natural to a pilot. If the pilot needs to exert constant back pressure on a control column, the need for nose-up trim is indicated. The normal trim procedure is to continue trimming until…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation › Technique (How to Practice)

    Power recovery in those helicopters with slower engine response times must have the engines begin to develop enough power to rejoin the needles by approximately 100 feet AGL. If a go-around is to be made, the cyclic control should ... moved forward to resume forward flight. In transition from a practice autorotation to a go-around, exercise caution to avoid an altitude-airspeed combination that would place the helicopter in an unsafe area of its height/velocity diagram. This…

  • Chapter 1: Introduction To Flying › Aircraft Classifications and Ultralight Vehicles

    Airplane—an engine-driven fixed-wing aircraft heavier than air, that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction of the air against its wings. • Glider—a heavier-than-air aircraft, that is supported in flight by the dynamic reaction ... against its lifting surfaces and whose free flight does not depend principally on an engine. • Lighter-than-air aircraft—an aircraft that can rise and remain suspended by using contained gas weighing less than the air that is displaced…