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  • Chapter 5: Rotorcraft Flight Manual › Operating Limitations (Section 2) › Powerplant Limitations

    Powerplant Limitations The powerplant limitations area describes operating limitations on the helicopter’s engine including such items as rpm range, power limitations, operating temperatures, and fuel and oil requirements. Most turbine engines and some reciprocating engines have a maximum power ... maximum continuous power rating. The “maximum power” rating is the maximum power the engine can generate and is usually limited by time. The maximum power range is depicted by a yellow arc on the engine power instruments, with…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation › Technique (How to Practice)

    rotor disk begins to dissipate its energy, the engine is up to speed as the needles join when the rotor decreases into the normal flight rpm. Helicopters that do not have the throttle control located on the collective are generally ... exceptions to basic technique and require some additional prudence. The autorotation should be initiated with the power levers left in the “flight,” or normal, position. If a full touchdown is to be practiced, it is common technique to move…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Climb Performance Factors › Region of Reversed Command

    normal command. Flight in the region of reversed command means flight in which a higher airspeed requires a lower power setting and a lower airspeed requires a higher power setting to hold altitude. It does not imply that a decrease ... power produces lower airspeed. The region of reversed command is encountered in the low speed phases of flight. Flight speeds below the speed for maximum endurance (lowest point on the power curve) require higher power settings with a decrease…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › The Four Fundamentals › Guidelines

    practices to follow during maneuvering flight include: 1. Move the cyclic only as fast as trim, torque, and rotor speed can be maintained. When entering a maneuver and the trim, rotor, or torque reacts quicker than anticipated, pilot limitations have ... been exceeded. If continued, an aircraft limitation will be exceeded. Perform the maneuver with less intensity until all aspects of the machine can be controlled. The pilot must be aware of the sensitivity of the flight controls…

  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › High Speed Flight › Subsonic Versus Supersonic Flow

    Compressibility (and to a lesser extent viscosity) is of paramount importance at speeds approaching the speed of sound. In these speed ranges, compressibility causes a change in the density of the air around an aircraft. During flight, a wing produces ... lift by accelerating the airflow over the upper surface. This accelerated air can, and does, reach sonic speeds even though the aircraft itself may be flying subsonic. At some extreme AOAs, in some aircraft, the speed of the air over…

  • Glossary › Numbers and Symbols

    Code of Federal Regulations that govern the procedures for conducting flight under visual conditions. VLE. Landing gear extended speed. The maximum speed at which an airplane can be safely flown with the landing gear extended. VLO. Landing gear operating speed ... maximum speed for extending or retracting the landing gear if using an airplane equipped with retractable landing gear. VLOF. Lift-off speed. The speed at which the aircraft departs the runway during takeoff. VMC. Minimum control airspeed. This…