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  • 26 FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS OTHER THAN FLIGHT INSTRUCTORS WITH A SPORT PILOT RATING › 26.2 Flight Instructor Certificate With Rotorcraft Category and Helicopter Class Rating

    examiner may accept, at their discretion, a logbook endorsement in lieu of demonstrating the touchdown portion of these tasks during the practical test. This logbook endorsement must be given by a current flight instructor who meets the requirements ... their flight instructor certificate that provided the training and can attest to the applicant’s competence in these tasks. The following areas must be trained and documented in the endorsement, as evidence of instructional knowledge relating to the elements, common…

  • Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Airflow and Reactions in the Rotor Disk › Resultant Relative Wind

    highest. As blade speed decreases nearer the center of the disk, downward velocity is less. Figure 2-19. Rotational relative wind. Resultant Relative Wind The resultant relative wind at a hover is rotational relative wind modified by induced flow. This ... inclined downward at some angle and opposite the effective flightpath of the airfoil, rather than the physical flightpath (rotational relative wind). The resultant relative wind also serves as the reference plane for development of lift, drag, and total aerodynamic force…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation › Common Errors

    landing carriage, slowing the helicopter; however, this is dependent on the condition of the landing surface. One common error is the holding of the helicopter off the surface, versus cushioning it onto the surface during an autorotation. Holding the helicopter ... surface for a controlled, smooth landing instead of allowing the helicopter to drop the last few inches. Common Errors 1. Not understanding the importance of an immediate entry into autorotation upon powerplant or driveline failure. 2. Failing to use sufficient…

  • Chapter 2: Aerodynamics of Flight › Airflow and Reactions in the Rotor Disk › Rotational Relative Wind (Tip-Path Plane)

    Airflow and Reactions in the Rotor Disk Relative Wind Knowledge of relative wind is essential for an understanding of aerodynamics and its practical flight application for the pilot. Relative wind is airflow relative to an airfoil. Movement of an airfoil ... through the air creates relative wind. Relative wind moves in a direction parallel to but opposite of the movement of the airfoil. [Figure 2-15] There are two parts to wind passing a rotor blade: • Horizontal part—caused…

  • Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Causes of Errors › Insufficient Training & Experience

    Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management Introduction Threats What is an Error? Causes of Errors Insufficient Training & Experience Introduction Pilots use risk management as described in earlier chapters to analyze the likelihood and potential severity of an incident or accident ... encounter unforeseen hazards or threats. In addition, a pilot may respond inappropriately to a given condition, thus making an error. This chapter provides strategies pilots may use once flight begins. Threats Threats have the following characteristics: • Threats occur outside…

  • Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Turns › Steep Turns

    During training in steep turns, as in any other maneuver, attend to the most important tasks first. Keep the pitch attitude relatively constant, and more time can be devoted to cross-check and instrument interpretation. During recovery from steep turns ... released and power decreased. The common errors associated with steep turns are the same as those discussed later in this section. Remember, errors are more exaggerated, more difficult to correct, and more difficult to analyze unless rates of entry…