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  • Appendix C: Certificates, Ratings, and Endorsements › Flight Instructor Endorsements › Sport Pilot

    basic requirements. Forms 8710-1, 8610-2, and 8710-11 are versions of the Airman Certificate and/or Rating Application. The instructor should ensure the applicant is prepared for the test and has met all the regulatory requirements, including knowledge, proficiency ... required endorsements, and experience requirements before the application process. The applicant then either completes the 8710 or 8610 paper form by hand or uses the Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application (IACRA) electronic application system available at iacra.faa.gov/IACRA/Default.aspx. Whenever…

  • Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Integrating Instruction Techniques › Ground Instruction

    Integrating Instruction Techniques A flight instructor uses many instructional techniques during ground instruction, when using simulation, and during hands-on aircraft training. Since flight training costs are high and new aircraft are more complex than in the past, the total ... time without sacrificing the quality of the end product. This section looks at teaching techniques in greater detail. Ground Instruction Ground instruction can be highly effective if it follows an overall plan designed to prepare the learner for flight…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Ground Resonance

    Ground Resonance Helicopters with articulating rotors (usually designs with three or more main rotor blades) are subject to ground resonance, a destructive vibration phenomenon that occurs at certain rotor speeds when the helicopter is on the ground. Ground resonance ... balance rotor. The unbalanced rotor disk vibrates at the same frequency (or multiple thereof) of the airframe’s resonant frequency, and the harmonic oscillation increases because the engine is adding power to the system, increasing the magnitude (amplitude…

  • Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Assessment of Piloting Ability › Practical Test Recommendations

    Practical Test Recommendations Provision is made on the airman certificate or rating application form for the written recommendation of the flight instructor who has prepared the applicant for the practical test involved. Signing this recommendation imposes a serious responsibility ... flight instructor. A flight instructor who makes a practical test recommendation for an applicant seeking a certificate or rating should require the applicant to thoroughly demonstrate the knowledge and skill level required for that certificate or rating. This demonstration should…

  • Chapter 9: Basic Flight Maneuvers › Ground Reference Maneuvers

    Ground Reference Maneuvers Ground reference maneuvers may be used as training exercises to help develop a division of attention between the flightpath and ground references, and while controlling the helicopter and watching for other aircraft in the vicinity. Other examples ... ground reference maneuvers are flights for photographic or observation purposes, such as pipe line or power line checks. Prior to each maneuver, a clearing turn should be done to ensure the area is free of conflicting traffic. Figure…

  • Chapter 9: Techniques of Flight Instruction › Integrating Instruction Techniques › On-Aircraft Training

    Aircraft Training On-aircraft training is the continuation of work that is initiated on the ground and part of the integrated training process. As indicated in Chapter 7, Planning Instructional Activity, the instructor must plan the flight given ... same extent as the learner who prepares for it. Just as it is important to have objectives for ground instruction, it is equally important that the flight instruction have objectives and a syllabus paired with previous instruction given…