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  • Chapter 5: Aerodynamics of Flight › Boundary Layer Separation › High Speed Flight Controls

    High Speed Flight Controls On high-speed aircraft, flight controls are divided into primary flight controls and secondary or auxiliary flight controls. The primary flight controls maneuver the aircraft about the pitch, roll, and yaw axes. They include the ailerons ... flaps, spoilers, and slats. Spoilers are used on the upper surface of the wing to spoil or reduce lift. High speed aircraft, due to their clean low drag design, use spoilers as speed brakes to slow them down. Spoilers…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Reconnaissance Procedures › High Reconnaissance

    give particular consideration to forced landing areas in case of an emergency. Altitude, airspeed, and flight pattern for a high reconnaissance are governed by wind and terrain features. It is important to strike a balance between a reconnaissance conducted ... high and one too low. It should not be flown so low that a pilot must divide attention between studying the area and avoiding obstructions to flight. A high reconnaissance should be flown at an altitude…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Low-G Conditions and Mast Bumping

    Recover from a low-G situation by first gently applying aft cyclic to restore normal G before attempting to correct any roll. If turbulence is expected or encountered, reduce power and use a slower than normal cruise speed. Turbulence (where ... high rotor flapping angles are already present), and higher airspeeds (where the controls are more sensitive) both increase susceptibility to low-G conditions. • Use a flight simulator to learn to recognize and experience low G conditions that result in mast…

  • Chapter 12: Weather Theory › Wind and Currents › Wind Patterns

    Wind Patterns In the Northern Hemisphere, the flow of air from areas of high to low pressure is deflected to the right and produces a clockwise circulation around an area of high pressure. This is known as anticyclonic circulation ... opposite is true of low-pressure areas; the air flows toward a low and is deflected to create a counterclockwise or cyclonic circulation. [Figure 12-10] High-pressure systems are generally areas of dry, descending air. Good weather is typically…

  • Chapter 13: Effective Aeronautical Decision-Making › Risk Management › Four Risk Elements

    identify hazards, assess the degree of risk they pose, and determine the best course of action is an important element of a safe flight. Four Risk Elements During each flight, decisions must be made regarding events that involve interactions between ... four risk elements—the PIC, the aircraft, the environment, and the operation. The decision-making process involves an evaluation of each of these risk elements to achieve an accurate perception of the flight situation. [Figure…

  • IFR ENROUTE LOW / HIGH ALTITUDE SYMBOLS (U.S., PACIFIC AND ALASKA CHARTS) › AIRSPACE INFORMATION

    V328 and turning to V465 on a SW head ing must turn at altitude of 15100’ or higher. High Enroute Chart Reference Number Description High RNAV Route with MEA for DME/DME/IRU RNAV Aircraft Preferred Directional Jet Route with Time Restrictions ... Route 34 available between 1100 - 0300Z High Enroute Chart (Continued) Reference Number AIRSPACE BOUNDARIES LOW / HIGH CHARTS Air Defense Identification Zone (ADIZ) Adjoining ADIZ Air Traffic Service LOW / HIGH CHARTS Identification Data Flight Information Regions (FIR) LOW / HIGH CHARTS Upper…