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  • Chapter 6: Threat and Error Management › Causes of Errors › Insufficient Training & Experience

    within acceptable levels. Some common threats include: • Malfunction of aircraft systems, engines, flight controls, or automation. • Various unforecast weather hazards. • Collision hazards, including wildlife on airports and birds in the air. • Unexpected sudden reductions in visibility. • Closures of facilities, runways…

  • Chapter 9: Navigation Systems › Instrument Approach Systems › ILS Components

    instrument runway of an airport, located at the departure end of the runway to prevent it from being a collision hazard. This unit radiates a field pattern, which develops a course down the centerline of the runway toward the middle…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › VFR Flight into Instrument Meteorological Conditions

    them (e.g., power lines, towers, rising terrain, etc.). By the time the pilot sees the hazard, it is either too late to avoid a collision, or while successfully maneuvering to avoid an obstacle, the pilot becomes disoriented. Flying at night…

  • Chapter 14: Airport Operations › Collision Avoidance › Runway Incursion Avoidance

    occurrence in the airport runway environment involving an aircraft, vehicle, person, or object on the ground that creates a collision hazard or results in a loss of required separation with an aircraft taking off, intending to take off, landing ... surface as in other phases of flights. Proper planning can prevent runway incursions and the possibility of a ground collision. A pilot should always be aware of the aircraft’s position on the surface at all times and be aware…

  • Glossary › Pilot’s Operating Handbook/Airplane Flight Manual

    military aircraft, providing both distance and direction information. TAWS. See terrain awareness and warning system. TCAS. See traffic alert collision avoidance system. TCH. See threshold crossing height. TDZE. See touchdown zone elevation. TEC. See Tower En Route Control. Technique ... Protect persons and property in the air or on the surface from an existing or imminent flight associated hazard; 2. Provide a safe environment for the operation of disaster relief aircraft; 3. Prevent an unsafe congestion of sightseeing aircraft above…

  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Lost Procedures

    Information requirements vary depending on the existing situation, but at a minimum…