IR.I.B.K3g
KnowledgeMeteorology applicable to the departure, en route, alternate, and destination for flights conducted under Instrument Flight Rules (IFR) to include expected climate and hazardous conditions such as:
Turbulence
From the FAA library
- 3 Overview of Aviation Weather Information › 3.4.2 Summaries of Specific Weather Information Contained in Various Weather Products › 3.4.2.9 Products with Turbulence Information
Products with Turbulence Information Table 3-12. Weather Element: Turbulence Type: text (T), graphic (G), image (I), voice (V) Turbulence reports include location, altitude, and aircraft type. The pilot determines the degree of turbulence, intensity, and duration. Severe or extreme ... turbulence is reported as an Urgent PIREP or Special AIREP. The vast majority of AIREPs are automated and include turbulence reports derived from the aircraft’s motion. Radar I Convective weather on radar could indicate potential areas of severe turbulence…
- Chapter 13: Aviation Weather Services › ATC Radar Weather Displays
Since the intensity level is not available, the controller states “INTENSITY UNKNOWN.” ATC radar is not able to detect turbulence. Generally, turbulence can be expected to occur as the rate of rainfall or intensity of precipitation increases. Turbulence associated with ... greater rates of precipitation is normally more severe than any associated with lesser rates of precipitation. Turbulence should be expected to occur near convective activity, even in clear air. Thunderstorms are a form of convective activity that imply severe…
- 27 Forecasts › 27.8.1 WAFS Forecasts › 27.8.1.4 WAFS Turbulence, Icing, and Cumulonimbus Cloud Forecasts
movie-loop sequence. More detailed information is provided on the AWC’s website. The WAFS global turbulence, icing, and cumulonimbus cloud forecasts are actually a blend of the WAFC Washington global turbulence, icing, and cumulonimbus cloud forecasts and the WAFC ... London global turbulence, icing, and cumulonimbus cloud forecasts. In other words, each WAFC produces their own global turbulence, icing, and cumulonimbus cloud forecasts using their own global computer models (WAFC Washington uses the NCEP’s GFS model). The two WAFCs…
- 19 Turbulence › 19.2 Causes of Turbulence › 19.2.2 Mechanical Turbulence
Mechanical Turbulence Mechanical turbulence is turbulence caused by obstructions to the wind flow, such as trees, buildings, mountains, and so on. Obstructions to the wind flow disrupt smooth wind flow into a complex snarl of eddies (see Figure ... aircraft flying through these eddies experiences mechanical turbulence. Figure 19-4. Mechanical Turbulence The intensity of mechanical turbulence depends on wind speed, surface roughness, size of the obstructions, and stability of the air. The higher the speed and/or the rougher…
- Chapter 7. Safety of Flight › Section 1. Meteorology › 7-1-12. ATC Inflight Weather Avoidance Assistance
WARP processor is only used in ARTCC facilities. 5. ATC radar is not able to detect turbulence. Generally, turbulence can be expected to occur as the rate of rainfall or intensity of precipitation increases. Turbulence associated with greater rates ... rainfall/precipitation will normally be more severe than any associated with lesser rates of rainfall/precipitation. Turbulence should be expected to occur near convective activity, even in clear air. Thunderstorms are a form of convective activity that imply severe or greater turbulence…
- Chapter 10: IFR Flight › Instrument Weather Flying › Turbulence
that might affect a VFR flight, an IFR pilot must consider the effects of other weather phenomena (e.g., thunderstorms, turbulence, icing, and visibility). Turbulence Inflight turbulence can range from occasional light bumps to extreme airspeed and altitude variations that make ... aircraft control difficult. To reduce the risk factors associated with turbulence, pilots must learn methods of avoidance, as well as piloting techniques for dealing with an inadvertent encounter. Turbulence avoidance begins with a thorough preflight weather briefing. Many reports…