IR.IV.B.R1
Risk managementSituations that could lead to loss of control in-flight (LOC-I) or unusual attitudes in-flight (e.g., stress, task saturation, inadequate instrument scan distractions, and spatial disorientation).
From the FAA library
- Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Unusual Attitudes and Recoveries › Recovery from Unusual Attitudes
Recognizing Unusual Attitudes As a general rule, any time an instrument rate of movement or indication other than those associated with the basic instrument flight maneuvers is noted, assume an unusual attitude and increase the speed of cross-check ... confirm the attitude, instrument error, or instrument malfunction. Nose-high attitudes are shown by the rate and direction of movement of the altimeter needle, vertical speed needle, and airspeed needle, as well as the immediately recognizable indication of the attitude…
- Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Unusual Attitudes
Unusual Attitudes Any maneuver not required for normal helicopter instrument flight is an unusual attitude and may be caused by any one or combination of factors, such as turbulence, disorientation, instrument failure, confusion, preoccupation with flight deck duties, carelessness ... cross-checking, errors in instrument interpretation, or lack of proficiency in aircraft control. Due to the instability characteristics of the helicopter, unusual attitudes can be extremely critical. As soon as an unusual attitude is detected, make a recovery to straight…
- Chapter 7, Section I: Airplane Basic Flight Maneuvers › Unusual Attitudes and Recoveries › Common Errors in Unusual Attitudes
Common Errors in Unusual Attitudes Common errors associated with unusual attitudes include the following faults: 1. Failure to keep the airplane properly trimmed. A flight deck interruption when holding pressures can easily lead to inadvertent entry into unusual attitudes ... Disorganized flight deck. Hunting for charts, logs, computers, etc., can seriously distract attention from the instruments. 3. Slow cross-check and fixations. The impulse is to stop and stare when noting an instrument discrepancy unless a pilot has trained enough…
- Chapter 6, Section I: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying › Learning Methods › Pitch Control
Attitude Instrument Flying Using the Primary and Supporting Method Another basic method for teaching attitude instrument flying classifies the instruments as they relate to control function, as well as aircraft performance. All maneuvers involve some degree of motion about ... lateral (pitch), longitudinal (bank/ roll), and vertical (yaw) axes. Attitude control is stressed in this handbook in terms of pitch control, bank control, power control, and trim control. Instruments are grouped as they relate to control function and aircraft performance…
- Chapter 6, Section I: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying
horizon bar for the particular airplane while on the ground. For some tricycle-gear airplanes, a slightly nose-low attitude on the ground gives a level flight attitude at normal cruising speed. Engine Shut Down When shutting down the engine ... note any abnormal instrument indications. Chapter 6, Section I: Airplane Attitude Instrument Flying Attitude instrument flying is defined as the control of an aircraft’s spatial position by using instruments rather than outside visual references. Today’s aircraft come equipped…
- Chapter 8: Helicopter Attitude Instrument Flying › Instrument Flight › Instrument Cross-Check
Instrument Flight To achieve smooth, positive control of the helicopter during instrument flight, three fundamental skills must be developed. They are instrument cross-check, instrument interpretation, and aircraft control. Instrument Cross-Check Cross-checking, sometimes referred to as scanning ... continuous and logical observation of instruments for attitude and performance information. In attitude instrument flying, an attitude is maintained by reference to the instruments, which produces the desired result in performance. Due to human error, instrument error, and helicopter performance…