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  • Chapter 5: Flight Instruments › Flight Management Systems (FMS) › Electronic Flight Instrument Systems

    Electronic Flight Instrument Systems Modern technology has introduced into aviation a new method of displaying flight instruments, such as electronic flight instrument systems, integrated flight deck displays, and others. For the purpose of the practical test standards, any flight instrument ... display that utilizes LCD or picture tube like displays is referred to as “electronic flight instrument display” and/or a glass flight deck. In general aviation there is typically a primary flight display (PFD) and a multi-function display (MFD). Although…

  • Chapter 8: Flight Instruments › Electronic Flight Display (EFD)

    produces a continuous zero indication. [Figure 8-11] Some aircraft are equipped with an alternate static source in the flight deck. In the case of a blocked static source, opening the alternate static source introduces static pressure from the flight ... deck into the system. Flight deck static pressure is lower than outside static pressure. Check the aircraft AOM/POH for airspeed corrections when utilizing alternate static pressure. Figure 8-11. Blocked static system. Electronic Flight Display (EFD) Advances in technology have…

  • Chapter 6: Flight Controls › Flight Control Systems › Primary Flight Controls

    Flight Control Systems Flight Controls Aircraft flight control systems consist of primary and secondary systems. The ailerons, elevator (or stabilator), and rudder constitute the primary control system and are required to control an aircraft safely during flight. Wing flaps, leading ... edge devices, spoilers, and trim systems constitute the secondary control system and improve the performance characteristics of the airplane or relieve the pilot of excessive control forces. Primary Flight Controls Aircraft control systems are carefully designed to provide adequate responsiveness…

  • 14 CFR § 91.109 Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight tests.

    Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight tests. (a) No person may operate a civil aircraft (except a manned free balloon) that is being used for flight instruction unless that aircraft has fully functioning dual controls. However, instrument flight ... controls the elevator and ailerons, in place of fixed, dual controls, when— (1) The instructor has determined that the flight can be conducted safely; and (2) The person manipulating the controls has at least a private pilot certificate with appropriate…

  • 14 CFR § 91.1062 Duty periods and rest requirements: Flight attendants.

    Duty periods and rest requirements: Flight attendants. at least one flight attendant in addition to the minimum flight attendant complement required for the flight or flights in that duty period under the program manager's management specifications. (5) A program ... manager may assign a flight attendant to a scheduled duty period of more than 16 hours, but no more than 18 hours, if the program manager has assigned to the flight or flights in that duty period at least…

  • 14 CFR § 91.176 Straight-in landing operations below DA/DH or MDA using an enhanced flight vision system (EFVS) under IFR.

    Straight-in landing operations below DA/DH or MDA using an enhanced flight vision system (EFVS) under IFR. and elevation) through the use of imaging sensors, including but not limited to forward-looking infrared, millimeter wave radiometry, millimeter wave radar ... light level image intensification. (B) Present EFVS sensor imagery, aircraft flight information, and flight symbology on a head up display, or an equivalent display, so that the imagery, information and symbology are clearly visible to the pilot flying…