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  • Chapter 11: Helicopter Emergencies and Hazards › Autorotation

    wind permits the main rotor blades to rotate at their normal speed. In effect, the blades are “gliding” in their rotational plane. It is important that pilots experience autorotations from various airspeeds. This provides better understanding of the necessary flight ... control inputs to achieve the desired airspeed, rotor rpm and autorotation performance, such as the maximum glide or minimum descent airspeed. The decision to use the appropriate airspeed and rotor rpm for the given conditions should be instinctive to reach…

  • Chapter 10: Advanced Flight Maneuvers › Slope Operations › Technique

    When landing on slopes using left cyclic, some cyclic input must be…

  • 14 CFR § 91.109 Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight tests.

    Flight instruction; Simulated instrument flight and certain flight tests. (c) No person may operate a civil aircraft in simulated instrument flight unless— (1) The other control seat is occupied by a safety pilot who possesses at least: (i) A private ... purposes of providing training for a solo cross-country endorsement under § 61.93 of this chapter, a flight instructor certificate with an appropriate sport pilot rating and meets the requirements of § 61.412 of this chapter. (2) The safety pilot has adequate…

  • Chapter 11: Aircraft Performance › Takeoff and Landing Performance › Takeoff Performance

    Figure 11-19 illustrates the general effect of wind by the percent change in takeoff or landing distance as a function of the ratio of wind velocity to takeoff or landing speed. The effect of proper takeoff speed is especially ... airborne. Any attempt to take off below the recommended speed means that the aircraft could stall, be difficult to control, or have a very low initial ROC. In some cases, an excessive AOA may not allow the aircraft to climb…

  • Chapter 2: Aerodynamics, Aircraft Assembly, & Rigging › Rotorcraft Controls › Swash Plate Assembly

    swash plate. Rotorcraft Controls Swash Plate Assembly The purpose of the swash plate is to transmit control inputs from the collective and cyclic controls to the main rotor blades. It consists of two main parts: the stationary swash plate ... connected to the pitch horns by the pitch links. There are three major controls in a helicopter that the pilot must use during flight. They are the collective pitch control, cyclic pitch control, and antitorque pedals or tail rotor control…